Human oral mucosa‐derived neural crest‐like stem cells differentiate into functional osteoprogenitors that contribute to regeneration of critical size calvaria defects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Lopez‐Letayf ◽  
Ina Arie ◽  
Shareef Araidy ◽  
Imad Abu El‐Naaj ◽  
Sandu Pitaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Critical Size

scholarly journals Regulation of sarcomagenesis by the empty spiracles homeobox genes EMX1 and EMX2

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Pedro Jimenez-García ◽  
Antonio Lucena-Cacace ◽  
Daniel Otero-Albiol ◽  
Amancio Carnero
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Tumor Suppressors ◽  
Homeobox Genes ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Cell Gene Expression

AbstractThe EMX (Empty Spiracles Homeobox) genes EMX1 and EMX2 are two homeodomain gene members of the EMX family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of various biological processes, such as cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, during brain development and neural crest migration. They play a role in the specification of positional identity, the proliferation of neural stem cells, and the differentiation of certain neuronal cell phenotypes. In general, they act as transcription factors in early embryogenesis and neuroembryogenesis from metazoans to higher vertebrates. The EMX1 and EMX2’s potential as tumor suppressor genes has been suggested in some cancers. Our work showed that EMX1/EMX2 act as tumor suppressors in sarcomas by repressing the activity of stem cell regulatory genes (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, MYC, NANOG, NES, and PROM1). EMX protein downregulation, therefore, induced the malignance and stemness of cells both in vitro and in vivo. In murine knockout (KO) models lacking Emx genes, 3MC-induced sarcomas were more aggressive and infiltrative, had a greater capacity for tumor self-renewal, and had higher stem cell gene expression and nestin expression than those in wild-type models. These results showing that EMX genes acted as stemness regulators were reproduced in different subtypes of sarcoma. Therefore, it is possible that the EMX genes could have a generalized behavior regulating proliferation of neural crest-derived progenitors. Together, these results indicate that the EMX1 and EMX2 genes negatively regulate these tumor-altering populations or cancer stem cells, acting as tumor suppressors in sarcoma.

scholarly journals Neural Crest Stem Cells Persist in the Adult Gut but Undergo Changes in Self-Renewal, Neuronal Subtype Potential, and Factor Responsiveness

Neuron ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve M. Kruger ◽  
Jack T. Mosher ◽  
Suzanne Bixby ◽  
Nancy Joseph ◽  
Toshihide Iwashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Neural Crest Stem Cells ◽  
Neuronal Subtype

scholarly journals Human iPSC-derived Neural Crest Stem Cells can produce EPO and induce erythropoiesis in anemic mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 102476
Author(s):  
Valerio Brizi ◽  
Sara Buttò ◽  
Domenico Cerullo ◽  
Angelo Michele Lavecchia ◽  
Raquel Rodrigues-Diez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Crest Stem Cells ◽  
Human Ipsc

scholarly journals Improved healing of critical-size femoral defect in osteoporosis rat models using 3D elastin/polycaprolactone/nHA scaffold in combination with mesenchymal stem cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Hejazi ◽  
Vahid Ebrahimi ◽  
Mehrdad Asgary ◽  
Abbas Piryaei ◽  
Mohammad Javad Fridoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Osteotomy Site ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
The Right

AbstractOsteoporosis is a common bone disease that results in elevated risk of fracture, and delayed bone healing and impaired bone regeneration are implicated by this disease. In this study, Elastin/Polycaprolactone/nHA nanofibrous scaffold in combination with mesenchymal stem cells were used to regenerate bone defects. Cytotoxicity, cytocompatibility and cellular morphology were evaluated in vitro and observations revealed that an appropriate environment for cellular attachment, growth, migration, and proliferation is provided by this scaffold. At 3 months following ovariectomy (OVX), the rats were used as animal models with an induced critical size defect in the femur to evaluate the therapeutic potential of osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) seeded on 3 dimension (3D) scaffolds. In this experimental study, 24 female Wistar rats were equally divided into three groups: Control, scaffold (non-seeded BM-MSC), and scaffold + cell (seeded BM-MSC) groups. 30 days after surgery, the right femur was removed, and underwent a stereological analysis and RNA extraction in order to examine the expression of Bmp-2 and Vegf genes. The results showed a significant increase in stereological parameters and expression of Bmp-2 and Vegf in scaffold and scaffold + cell groups compared to the control rats. The present study suggests that the use of the 3D Elastin/Polycaprolactone (PCL)/Nano hydroxyapatite (nHA) scaffold in combination with MSCs may improve the fracture regeneration and accelerates bone healing at the osteotomy site in rats.

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