Multiple phases of mg-calcite in crustose coralline algae suggest caution for temperature proxy and ocean acidification assessment: lessons from the ultrastructure and biomineralization in Phymatolithon (Rhodophyta, Corallinales)1

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 970-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merinda C. Nash ◽  
Walter Adey
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Temperature Proxy

Global warming offsets the ecophysiological stress of ocean acidification on temperate crustose coralline algae

2020 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 111324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju-Hyoung Kim ◽  
Nahyun Kim ◽  
Hanbi Moon ◽  
Sukyeon Lee ◽  
So Young Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae

scholarly journals Low recruitment due to altered settlement substrata as primary constraint for coral communities under ocean acidification

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1862) ◽  
pp. 20171536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina E. Fabricius ◽  
Sam H. C. Noonan ◽  
David Abrego ◽  
Lindsay Harrington ◽  
Glenn De'ath
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Coral Recruitment ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Coral Communities

The future of coral reefs under increasing CO 2 depends on their capacity to recover from disturbances. To predict the recovery potential of coral communities that are fully acclimatized to elevated CO 2 , we compared the relative success of coral recruitment and later life stages at two volcanic CO 2 seeps and adjacent control sites in Papua New Guinea. Our field experiments showed that the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on coral recruitment rates were up to an order of magnitude greater than the effects on the survival and growth of established corals. Settlement rates, recruit and juvenile densities were best predicted by the presence of crustose coralline algae, as opposed to the direct effects of seawater CO 2 . Offspring from high CO 2 acclimatized parents had similarly impaired settlement rates as offspring from control parents. For most coral taxa, field data showed no evidence of cumulative and compounding detrimental effects of high CO 2 on successive life stages, and three taxa showed improved adult performance at high CO 2 that compensated for their low recruitment rates. Our data suggest that severely declining capacity for reefs to recover, due to altered settlement substrata and reduced coral recruitment, is likely to become a dominant mechanism of how OA will alter coral reefs.

scholarly journals Ocean acidification does not affect magnesium composition or dolomite formation in living crustose coralline algae, <i>Porolithon onkodes</i> in an experimental system

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1373-1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Nash ◽  
S. Uthicke ◽  
A. P. Negri ◽  
N. E. Cantin
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Pco2 Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dolomite Formation ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Near Future

Abstract. There are concerns that Mg-calcite crustose coralline algae (CCA), which are key reef builders on coral reefs, will be most susceptible to increased rates of dissolution under higher pCO2 and ocean acidification. Due to the higher solubility of Mg-calcite, it has been hypothesized that magnesium concentrations in CCA Mg-calcite will decrease as the ocean acidifies, and that this decrease will make their skeletons more chemically stable. In addition to Mg-calcite, CCA Porolithon onkodes the predominant encrusting species on tropical reefs, can have dolomite (Ca0.5Mg0.5CO3) infilling cell spaces which increases their stability. However, nothing is known about how bio-mineralised dolomite formation responds to higher pCO2. Using P. onkodes grown for 3 and 6 months in tank experiments, we aimed to determine (1) if mol % MgCO3 in new crust and new settlement affected by increasing pCO2 levels (365, 444, 676 and 904 ppm), (2) whether bio-mineralised dolomite formed within these time frames, and (3) if so, whether this was effected by pCO2. Our results show there was no significant effect of pCO2 on mol % MgCO3 in any sample set, indicating an absence of a plastic response under a wide range of experimental conditions. Dolomite within the CCA cells formed within 3 months and dolomite abundance did not vary significantly with pCO2 treatment. While evidence mounts that climate change will impact many sensitive coral and CCA species, the results from this study indicate that reef-building P. onkodes will continue to form stabilising dolomite infill under near-future acidification conditions, thereby retaining its higher resistance to dissolution.

scholarly journals Ocean acidification induces carry-over effects on the larval settlement of the New Zealand abalone, Haliotis iris

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadjejda Espinel-Velasco ◽  
Miles Lamare ◽  
Anna Kluibenschedl ◽  
Graeme Moss ◽  
Vonda Cummings
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Larval Settlement ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Seawater Ph ◽  
Settlement Success ◽  
Carry Over

Abstract Larval settlement is a key process in the lifecycle of benthic marine organisms; however, little is known on how it could change in reduced seawater pH and carbonate saturation states under future ocean acidification (OA). This is important, as settlement ensures species occur in optimal environments and, for commercially important species such as abalone, reduced settlement could decrease future population success. We investigated how OA could affect settlement success in the New Zealand abalone Haliotis iris by examining: (1) direct effects of seawater at ambient (pHT 8.05) and reduced pHT (7.65) at the time of settlement, (2) indirect effects of settlement substrates (crustose coralline algae, CCA) preconditioned at ambient and reduced pHT for 171 days, and (3) carry-over effects, by examining settlement in larvae reared to competency at ambient and reduced pHT (7.80). We found no effects of seawater pH or CCA incubation on larval settlement success. OA-induced carry-over effects were evident, with lower settlement in larvae reared at reduced pH. Understanding the mechanisms behind these responses is key to fully comprehend the extent to which OA will affect marine organisms and the industries that rely on them.

Ocean Acidification Reduces Skeletal Density of Hardground‐Forming High‐Latitude Crustose Coralline Algae

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Williams ◽  
P. T. W. Chan ◽  
I. T. Westfield ◽  
D. B. Rasher ◽  
J. Ries
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Skeletal Density

scholarly journals Ocean acidification reduces induction of coral settlement by crustose coralline algae

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole S. Webster ◽  
Sven Uthicke ◽  
Emanuelle S. Botté ◽  
Florita Flores ◽  
Andrew P. Negri
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Coral Settlement

Decreased abundance of crustose coralline algae due to ocean acidification

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilsa B. Kuffner ◽  
Andreas J. Andersson ◽  
Paul L. Jokiel ◽  
Ku‘ulei S. Rodgers ◽  
Fred T. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae

scholarly journals Ocean acidification does not affect magnesium composition or dolomite formation in living crustose coralline algae, <i>Porolithon onkodes</i> in an experimental system

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 5247-5260 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Nash ◽  
S. Uthicke ◽  
A. P. Negri ◽  
N. E. Cantin
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dolomite Formation ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Sample Set

Abstract. There are concerns that Mg-calcite crustose coralline algae (CCA), which are key reef builders on coral reefs, will be most susceptible to increased rates of dissolution under higher pCO2 and ocean acidification. Due to the higher solubility of Mg-calcite, it has been hypothesised that magnesium concentrations in CCA Mg-calcite will decrease as the ocean acidifies, and that this decrease will make their skeletons more chemically stable. In addition to Mg-calcite, CCA Porolithon onkodes, the predominant encrusting species on tropical reefs, can have dolomite (Ca0.5Mg0.5CO3) infilling cell spaces which increases their stability. However, nothing is known about how bio-mineralised dolomite formation responds to higher pCO2. Using P. onkodes grown for 3 and 6 months in tank experiments, we aimed to determine (1) if mol % MgCO3 in new crust and new settlement was affected by increasing CO2 levels (365, 444, 676 and 904 μatm), (2) whether bio-mineralised dolomite formed within these time frames, and (3) if so, whether this was effected by CO2. Our results show that there was no significant effect of CO2 on mol % MgCO3 in any sample set, indicating an absence of a plastic response under a wide range of experimental conditions. Dolomite within the CCA cells formed within 3 months and dolomite abundance did not vary significantly with CO2 treatment. While evidence mounts that climate change will impact many sensitive coral and CCA species, the results from this study indicate that reef-building P. onkodes will continue to form stabilising dolomite infill under near-future acidification conditions, thereby retaining its higher resistance to dissolution.

scholarly journals Coral reef calcifiers buffer their response to ocean acidification using both bicarbonate and carbonate

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1753) ◽  
pp. 20122374 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Comeau ◽  
R. C. Carpenter ◽  
P. J. Edmunds
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Crustose Coralline Algae ◽  
Carbonate Ion ◽  
Negative Effect

Central to evaluating the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on coral reefs is understanding how calcification is affected by the dissolution of CO 2 in sea water, which causes declines in carbonate ion concentration [CO 3 2− ] and increases in bicarbonate ion concentration [HCO 3 − ]. To address this topic, we manipulated [CO 3 2− ] and [HCO 3 − ] to test the effects on calcification of the coral Porites rus and the alga Hydrolithon onkodes , measured from the start to the end of a 15-day incubation, as well as in the day and night. [CO 3 2− ] played a significant role in light and dark calcification of P. rus , whereas [HCO 3 − ] mainly affected calcification in the light. Both [CO 3 2− ] and [HCO 3 − ] had a significant effect on the calcification of H. onkodes , but the strongest relationship was found with [CO 3 2− ]. Our results show that the negative effect of declining [CO 3 2− ] on the calcification of corals and algae can be partly mitigated by the use of HCO 3 − for calcification and perhaps photosynthesis. These results add empirical support to two conceptual models that can form a template for further research to account for the calcification response of corals and crustose coralline algae to OA.

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