scholarly journals Guilt Signals a Crisis of Rejection: Two Types of Individual Differences Related to Social Rejection Have Dissimilar Effects on Guilt and Compensatory Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yoshiya Furukawa ◽  
Ken'ichiro Nakashima ◽  
Yasuko Morinaga
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Rejection ◽  
Compensatory Behavior

scholarly journals Individual differences in neural responses to social rejection: the joint effect of self-esteem and attentional control

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anett Gyurak ◽  
Christine I. Hooker ◽  
Asako Miyakawa ◽  
Sara Verosky ◽  
Anna Luerssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Social Rejection ◽  
Neural Responses

scholarly journals Follow your heart? Examining heart rate variability as a predictor of neural reactivity to social rejection - A network approach to individual differences in social threat sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Kortink ◽  
Wouter Weeda ◽  
Bart Verkuil ◽  
Selin Topel ◽  
Melle J. W. van der Molen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Social Rejection ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Social Threat ◽  
Theta Power ◽  
Threat Sensitivity ◽  
Power Increase

Frontal midline (FM) theta (4–8 Hz) reactivity to unexpected social rejection seems to be an important correlate of a neural threat-detection system. Neurovisceral integration theory proposes that the functioning of such systems is indexed by heart rate variability (HRV). Here, we tested this by examining whether baseline HRV predicts FM-theta reactivity to unexpected rejection feedback. Additionally, we examined whether this alleged heart-brain connection differs based on individual differences in personality and behavioral constructs relevant to social threat sensitivity. Female undergraduates (n = 149; mean age = 19.7 years) performed the social-judgment paradigm, where they communicated their expectations about being liked/disliked by unfamiliar peers who had allegedly evaluated them, and received peer-feedback indicating social acceptance/rejection. We used community structure analysis to subtract subgroups, based on self-esteem, social feedback expectations, and response speed of providing expectations. Results provided evidence of two distinct subgroups: optimistic vs. pessimistic in light of social threat. Baseline HRV did not predict FM-theta reactivity to unexpected rejection, and this relationship was not modulated by the subgroups. Both subgroups showed a significant FM-theta power increase following unexpected rejection. Additionally, the optimistic subgroup was uniquely characterized by a FM-theta power increase following rejection (as against acceptance) feedback. Supporting prior studies, our results suggest that enhanced FM-theta signals the need for cognitive control when faced with unexpected outcomes, and extend this by suggesting that differences in social threat sensitivity may determine whether an outcome is deemed meaningful enough to signal the need for cognitive control.

scholarly journals The Bi-Dimensional Rejection Taxonomy: Organizing Responses to Social Rejection along Antisocial–Prosocial and Engaged–Disengaged Dimensions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoyuki Sunami ◽  
Megan Ann Nadzan ◽  
Lisa M Jaremka
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Rejection ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Responses ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Interpersonal Responses ◽  
New Framework

Interpersonal responses to social rejection vary widely in form and function. Existing theories of social rejection have exclusively focused on organizing these responses on a single antisocial–prosocial dimension. Accumulating evidence suggests a gap in this approach: variability in social responses to rejection cannot solely be explained by the antisocial–prosocial dimension alone. To fill this gap, we propose the bi-dimensional rejection taxonomy, consisting of the antisocial–prosocial x-axis and engaged-disengaged y-axis, a novel contribution to the literature. We demonstrate that both the x- and y-axes are necessary for understanding interpersonal responses to rejection and avoiding erroneous conclusions. We also show how this new framework allows researchers to generate more nuanced and accurate hypotheses about how people respond when rejected. We further demonstrate how existing research about individual differences and situational factors that predict responses to rejection can be viewed in a new light within the bi-dimensional rejection taxonomy. We conclude by suggesting how the taxonomy inspires innovative questions for future research, including understanding spontaneous responses and neurophysiological markers.

scholarly journals Learning biases underlying individual differences in sensitivity to social rejection.

Emotion ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Olsson ◽  
Susanna Carmona ◽  
Geraldine Downey ◽  
Niall Bolger ◽  
Kevin N. Ochsner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Rejection ◽  
Learning Biases

Trait Versus State

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theda Radtke ◽  
Jennifer Inauen ◽  
Laura Rennie ◽  
Sheina Orbell ◽  
Urte Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Compensatory Behavior ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Unhealthy Behavior ◽  
Specific Trait ◽  
Snack Consumption ◽  
High Calorie

Compensatory health beliefs (CHBs)–beliefs that an unhealthy behavior can be compensated for by a healthy behavior–can be distinguished into trait and state beliefs. Trait CHBs are stable individual differences, whereas state CHBs are activated in a tempting situation–for example, when faced with an attractive snack. The aim of this study was to test whether diet-specific trait or state CHBs are predictive for an unhealthy behavior–namely, high-calorie snack consumption. A scenario was created in which 66 women aged 16 to 50 were faced with a high-calorie snack. Diet-specific trait and state CHBs correlated moderately with each other. Regression analyses revealed that diet-specific trait CHBs with exercise as the compensatory behavior were significantly predictive for high-calorie snack consumption, over and above control variables such as age, whereas state CHBs were only marginally significant. Diet-specific trait and state CHBs with reduced intake (eat less later) as the compensatory behavior were not related to high-calorie snack consumption. Results showed that trait CHBs are relevant for the prediction of high-calorie snack consumption. Future studies might want to further refine the measurement of CHBs, especially state CHBs.

The challenge of accounting for individual differences in folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Economic Beliefs ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractWe argue that existing data on folk-economic beliefs (FEBs) present challenges to Boyer & Petersen's model. Specifically, the widespread individual variation in endorsement of FEBs casts doubt on the claim that humans are evolutionarily predisposed towards particular economic beliefs. Additionally, the authors' model cannot account for the systematic covariance between certain FEBs, such as those observed in distinct political ideologies.

Individual differences, social attention, and the history of the social motivation hypotheses of autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Mundy
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Abstract The stereotype of people with autism as unresponsive or uninterested in other people was prominent in the 1980s. However, this view of autism has steadily given way to recognition of important individual differences in the social-emotional development of affected people and a more precise understanding of the possible role social motivation has in their early development.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

Inter-individual variation shapes the human microbiome

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily F. Wissel ◽  
Leigh K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Microbiome Research

Abstract The target article suggests inter-individual variability is a weakness of microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) research, but we discuss why it is actually a strength. We comment on how accounting for individual differences can help researchers systematically understand the observed variance in microbiota composition, interpret null findings, and potentially improve the efficacy of therapeutic treatments in future clinical microbiome research.

Why Speech-Language Clinicians Should Be in the Classroom

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon L. Wadle
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Regular Classroom ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Therapy Room

Lack of training is only an excuse for not collaborating outside of the therapy room. With our present training, speech-language clinicians have many skills to share in the regular classroom setting. This training has provided skills in task analysis, a language focus, an appreciation and awareness of individual differences in learning, and motivational techniques.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document