A national census of forensic in‐patients with intellectual disability and five‐year follow‐up

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Walker ◽  
Helen Mann ◽  
Jamie Pitcairn ◽  
Lindsay Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability

scholarly journals Computerised cognitive–behavioural therapy for adults with intellectual disability: randomised controlled trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Cooney ◽  
Catherine Jackman ◽  
David Coyle ◽  
Gary O'Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundDespite the evidence base for computer-assisted cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) in the general population, it has not yet been adapted for use with adults who have an intellectual disability.AimsTo evaluate the utility of a CBT computer game for adults who have an intellectual disability.MethodA 2 × 3 (group × time) randomised controlled trial design was used. Fifty-two adults with mild to moderate intellectual disability and anxiety or depression were randomly allocated to two groups: computerised CBT (cCBT) or psychiatric treatment as usual (TAU), and assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment and 3-month follow-up. Forty-nine participants were included in the final analysis.ResultsA significant group x time interaction was observed on the primary outcome measure of anxiety (Glasgow Anxiety Scale for people with an Intellectual Disability), favouring cCBT over TAU, but not on the primary outcome measure of depression (Glasgow Depression Scale for people with a Learning Disability). A medium effect size for anxiety symptoms was observed at post-treatment and a large effect size was observed after follow-up. Reliability of Change Indices indicated that the intervention produced clinically significant change in the cCBT group in comparison with TAU.ConclusionsAs the first application of cCBT for adults with intellectual disability, this intervention appears to be a useful treatment option to reduce anxiety symptoms in this population.

scholarly journals Causes of Mortality in Older People With Intellectual Disability: Results From the HA-ID Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyt Oppewal ◽  
Josje D. Schoufour ◽  
Hanne J.K. van der Maarl ◽  
Heleen M. Evenhuis ◽  
Thessa I.M. Hilgenkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract We aim to provide insight into the cause-specific mortality of older adults with intellectual disability (ID), with and without Down syndrome (DS), and compare this to the general population. Immediate and primary cause of death were collected through medical files of 1,050 older adults with ID, 5 years after the start of the Healthy Ageing and Intellectual Disabilities (HA-ID) study. During the follow-up period, 207 (19.7%) participants died, of whom 54 (26.1%) had DS. Respiratory failure was the most common immediate cause of death (43.4%), followed by dehydration/malnutrition (20.8%), and cardiovascular diseases (9.4%). In adults with DS, the most common cause was respiratory disease (73.3%), infectious and bacterial diseases (4.4%), and diseases of the digestive system (4.4%). Diseases of the respiratory system also formed the largest group of primary causes of death (32.1%; 80.4% was due to pneumonia), followed by neoplasms (17.6%), and diseases of the circulatory system (8.2%). In adults with DS, the main primary cause was also respiratory diseases (51.1%), followed by dementia (22.2%).

scholarly journals Characteristics of seizure frequency among Malaysian children diagnosed with structural– metabolic epilepsy

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 244-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhannad RM Salih ◽  
Mohd Baidi Bahari ◽  
Mohamed Azmi Ahmad Hassali ◽  
Asrul Akmal Shafie ◽  
Omer Qutaiba B Al-lela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Seizure Frequency ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Focal Seizure ◽  
Global Developmental Delay ◽  
Neurology Clinic ◽  
Collection Form ◽  
Metabolic Epilepsy

ABSTRACT Introduction: Seizure-free patients or substantial reduction in seizure frequency are the most important outcome measures in the management of epilepsy. The study aimed to evaluate the patterns of seizure frequency and its relationship with demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Pediatric Neurology Clinic, Hospital Pulau Pinang. Over a period of 6 months, the required data were extracted from the medical records using a pre-designed data collection form. Results: Seizure frequency showed no significant association with patient’s demographics and clinical characteristic. However, significant reduction in seizure frequency from the baseline to the last follow-up visit was only seen in certain subgroups of patients including Malays, females, patients <4 years of age, patients with global developmental delay/intellectual disability, and patients with focal seizure. There was no significant association between seizure frequency and rate of adverse events. Polytherapy visits were associated with higher seizure frequency than monotherapy visits (27.97 ± 56.66, 10.94 ± 30.96 attack per month, respectively) (P < 0.001). There was a clear tendency to get antiepileptic drugs used at doses above the recommended range in polytherapy (8.4%) rather than in monotherapy (1.4%) visits (P < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between seizure frequency and number of visits per patient per year (r = 0.450, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Among children with structural–metabolic epilepsy, Malays, females, patients <4 years of age, patients with global developmental delay/intellectual disability and patients manifested with focal seizure are more responsive antiepileptic drug therapy than the other subgroups of patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence and incidence of vertebral fractures: a 7-year follow-up study in institutionalized adults with refractory epilepsy and intellectual disability

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 ◽  
pp. 106461
Author(s):  
Jessica Berkvens ◽  
Marian Majoie ◽  
Sandra Mergler ◽  
Kim Beerhorst ◽  
Pauline Verschuure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Follow Up Study

Older Age and Longer Epilepsy Duration Do Not Predict Worse Seizure Reduction Outcome after Vagus Nerve Stimulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (02) ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitka Kocvarova ◽  
Zdenek Novak ◽  
Irena Dolezalova ◽  
Michal Svoboda ◽  
Milan Brazdil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Seizure Reduction ◽  
Follow Up Care ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Introduction We analyzed the results of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on older patients and patients with long-lasting epilepsy and included severely intellectually disabled patients. Patients and Methods A total of 103 adults with VNS implanted from 2005 to 2014 were studied. The responder rates, that is, the percentage of VNS patients who responded to VNS, classified as seizure reduction ≥ 50% (50R) and seizure reduction ≥ 90% (90R), were compared in defined age groups (< 40 and ≥ 40 years, and < 50 and ≥ 50 years) and epilepsy duration groups (< 20 and ≥ 20 years, < 30 and ≥ 30 years, and < 40 and ≥ 40 years) at the 1-year follow-up visit and the last follow-up visit (at least 2 years after surgery). The age distributions and responder rates were also studied in patients with an intellectual disability. Results The analysis did not confirm a significantly lower 50R or 90R rate in patients ≥ 40, ≥ 50, or ≥ 60 years when compared with their younger counterparts, but the 50R rate increase during follow-up care was the lowest in patients ≥ 50 and ≥ 60 years. The highest percentage of patients with an intellectual disability in the group < 40 years of age did not adversely affect the 50R rate. Longer epilepsy duration was not confirmed as a negative predictor of VNS outcome. There was a significantly higher 50R rate in patients with epilepsy duration ≥ 20 years (at the last follow-up visit) and a higher 90R rate in patients with epilepsy duration ≥ 30 years (at the 1-year follow-up visit). The increase in the 50R rate during follow-up care was lower in patients with epilepsy durations ≥ 30 and ≥ 40 years. Conclusions The study did not find worse VNS outcomes, as defined by the 50R or 90R rate, in older adult patients or in patients with a longer epilepsy duration. The increasing stimulation effect over time is less marked in older patients and in patients with longer epilepsy duration.

An evaluation of an emotion regulation programme for people with an intellectual disability

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna McWilliams ◽  
Ian de Terte ◽  
Janet Leathem ◽  
Sandra Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Treatment Gains ◽  
Larger Sample

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of the Transformers programme on individual's use of appropriate emotion regulation strategies. Design/methodology/approach – Five people with an intellectual disability participated in the Transformers programme and took part in the current study. The intervention was evaluated using the Profile of Anger Coping Skills (PACS) and incident reports. The PACS was completed by participants and their caregivers. Findings – The majority of participants demonstrated increases in self- and caregiver-reported use of appropriate emotion regulation strategies following their involvement in the Transformers programme. However, treatment gains were not always maintained at follow-up. Three of the participants also exhibited fewer incidents of challenging behaviour after taking part in the programme. Originality/value – Overall, the results provide preliminary support for the continued use of the Transformers programme with people with an intellectual disability who have emotion regulation difficulties. It is recommended that further research be carried out with a larger sample size, a control group, and a longer follow-up period.

scholarly journals Brief report: Follow‐up outcomes of multisystemic therapy for adolescents with an intellectual disability and the relation with parental intellectual disability

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 618-624
Author(s):  
Annemarieke Blankestein ◽  
Aurelie Lange ◽  
Rachel Rijken ◽  
Ron Scholte ◽  
Xavier Moonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Multisystemic Therapy

Who Am I? A Life Story Intervention for Persons With Intellectual Disability and Psychiatric Problems

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerben J. Westerhof ◽  
Janny Beernink ◽  
Anneke Sools
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Personal Learning ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Life Review Therapy ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Abstract This article describes an innovative intervention based on narrative and life review therapy that is tailored to people with intellectual disability (ID) and psychiatric problems. The current study provides a first evaluation of the intervention. A symptom checklist (SCL-90) was used in a pre- and post-follow-up design, and a qualitative evaluation of the intervention was carried out with 25 participants. Results showed large changes in psychiatric symptoms, in particular on depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and interpersonal sensitivity. Participants were mainly positive in their general explicit evaluations of the therapy as well as on personal learning points, intervention-specific, group-related, and therapist-related aspects. It is concluded that the intervention is promising for the treatment of people with ID and psychiatric complaints.

Evaluation of a Safety Awareness Group Program for Adults With Intellectual Disability

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-317
Author(s):  
Rosemary B. Hughes ◽  
Susan Robinson-Whelen ◽  
Leigh Ann Davis ◽  
James Meadours ◽  
Olivia Kincaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Abuse Prevention ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Group Program ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Safety Awareness ◽  
Participatory Research Approach

Abstract Using a participatory research approach, we enlisted 12 U.S. Centers for Independent Living (CILs) to recruit and enroll 170 adults with intellectual disability (ID) to be randomized to either The Safety Class, an abuse prevention group program, or usual care. Participants were asked to complete pre, post, and 3-month follow-up questionnaires. CIL staff members facilitated the eight-session, interactive program. Quantitative and qualitative findings suggest that participation in a brief safety program may improve safety protective factors among men and women with ID. The Safety Class serves as one model for delivering an abuse prevention and education intervention to adults with significant safety needs but extremely limited access to relevant community resources.

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