Expression of selected genes encoding mechanistic pathways, nutrient and amino acid transporters in jejunum and ileum of broiler chickens fed a reduced protein diet supplemented with arginine, glutamine and glycine under stress stimulated by dexamethasone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Barekatain ◽  
Peter V. Chrystal ◽  
Saad Gilani ◽  
Clive J. McLaughlan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Genes Encoding

Biochemical aspects of assimilate transfers along the phloem path: N-solutes in lupins

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Root System ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Direct Transfer ◽  
Selective Transfer ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Shoot Apices ◽  
Genes Encoding

Lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L., L. albus L.) are prolific ‘phloem bleeders’, allowing collection of exu-dates en route to or at phloem-fed sinks such as shoot apices, developing fruits and the root system, as well as at or exiting the sources of phloem-borne solutes, leaves, petioles and stems. Consequently, it has been possible to quan-tify the relative contributions of xylem and phloem solutes to the nutrition of each developing organ of a lupin plant. Studies that identify the sites and, especially for solutes containing N, the nature of transfers between the two long distance translocation channels are reviewed. These transfers are solute-specific and can be accounted for largely by transfer of asparagine. In leaves, direct transfer of asparagine from xylem to phloem in minor veins, such that metabolism is precluded, is the most significant feature of N redistribution in the shoot. Current research is aimed at identifying and isolating genes encoding amino acid transporters expressed in strategically placed cells (possibly transfer cells) at nodes, at the inner epidermis of the seed coat and the epidermis of the developing cotyledons. Special emphasis is placed on transporters for selective transfer of asparagine.

scholarly journals Transcriptional activity differentiates families of Marine Group II Euryarchaeota in the coastal ocean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Damashek ◽  
Aimee Oyinlade Okotie-Oyekan ◽  
Scott Michael Gifford ◽  
Alexey Vorobev ◽  
Mary Ann Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
South Atlantic Bight ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Heterotrophic Metabolism ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Marine Microbial Communities

ABSTRACTMarine Group II Euryarchaeota (Candidatus Poseidoniales), abundant but yet-uncultivated members of marine microbial communities, are thought to be (photo)heterotrophs that metabolize dissolved organic matter (DOM) such as lipids and peptides. However, little is known about their transcriptional activity. We mapped reads from a metatranscriptomic time series collected at Sapelo Island (GA, USA) to metagenome-assembled genomes to determine the diversity of transcriptionally-active Ca. Poseidoniales. Summer metatranscriptomes had the highest abundance of Ca. Poseidoniales transcripts, mostly from the O1 and O3 genera within Ca. Thalassarchaeaceae (MGIIb). In contrast, transcripts from fall and winter samples were predominantly from Ca. Poseidoniaceae (MGIIa). Genes encoding proteorhodopsin, membrane-bound pyrophosphatase, peptidase/proteases, and part of the β-oxidation pathway were highly transcribed across abundant genera. Highly transcribed genes specific to Ca. Thalassarchaeaceae included xanthine/uracil permease and receptors for amino acid transporters. Enrichment of Ca. Thalassarchaeaceae transcript reads related to protein/peptide, nucleic acid, and amino acid transport and metabolism, as well as transcript depletion during dark incubations, provided further evidence of heterotrophic metabolism. Quantitative PCR analysis of South Atlantic Bight samples indicated consistently abundant Ca. Poseidoniales in nearshore and inshore waters. Together, our data suggest Ca. Thalassarchaeaceae are important photoheterotrophs potentially linking DOM and nitrogen cycling in coastal waters.

scholarly journals Identification of genetic and phenotypic differences associated with prevalent and non-prevalent Salmonella Enteritidis phage types: analysis of variation in amino acid transport

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (10) ◽  
pp. 3200-3213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhensheng Pan ◽  
Ben Carter ◽  
Javier Núñez-García ◽  
Manal AbuOun ◽  
María Fookes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Analysis Of Variation

In this study, differences at the genetic level of 37 Salmonella Enteritidis strains from five phage types (PTs) were compared using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to assess differences between PTs. There were approximately 400 genes that differentiated prevalent (4, 6, 8 and 13a) and sporadic (11) PTs, of which 35 were unique to prevalent PTs, including six plasmid-borne genes, pefA, B, C, D, srgC and rck, and four chromosomal genes encoding putative amino acid transporters. Phenotype array studies also demonstrated that strains from prevalent PTs were less susceptible to urea stress and utilized l-histidine, l-glutamine, l-proline, l-aspartic acid, gly-asn and gly-gln more efficiently than PT11 strains. Complementation of a PT11 strain with the transporter genes from PT4 resulted in a significant increase in utilization of the amino acids and reduced susceptibility to urea stress. In epithelial cell association assays, PT11 strains were less invasive than other prevalent PTs. Most strains from prevalent PTs were better biofilm formers at 37 °C than at 28 °C, whilst the converse was true for PT11 strains. Collectively, the results indicate that genetic and corresponding phenotypic differences exist between strains of the prevalent PTs 4, 6, 8 and 13a and non-prevalent PT11 strains that are likely to provide a selective advantage for strains from the former PTs and could help them to enter the food chain and cause salmonellosis.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis and Expression of Selected Cationic Amino Acid Transporters in the Liver of Broiler Chicken Fed Diets with Varying Concentrations of Lysine

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5594
Author(s):  
Collins N. Khwatenge ◽  
Boniface M. Kimathi ◽  
Samuel N. Nahashon
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Cationic Amino Acid ◽  
High Lysine

Amino acids are known to play a key role in gene expression regulation. Amino acid signaling is mediated via two pathways: the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and the amino acid responsive (AAR) pathways. Cationic amino acid transporters (CATs) are crucial in these pathways due to their sensing, signaling and transport functions. The availability of certain amino acids plays a key role in the intake of other amino acids, hence affecting growth in young birds. However, the specific mechanism for regulating lysine transport for growth is not clear. In this study, we analyze the transcriptome profiles and mRNA expression of selected cationic amino acid transporters in the livers of broilers fed low and high lysine diets. Birds consumed high-lysine (1.42% lysine) or low-lysine (0.85% lysine) diets while the control group consumed 1.14% lysine diet. These concentrations of lysine represent 125% (high lysine), 75% (low lysine) and 100% (control), respectively, of the National Research Council’s (NRC) recommendation for broiler chickens. After comparing the two groups, 210 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (fold change >1 and false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05). When comparing the high lysine and the low lysine treatments, there were 67 upregulated genes and 143 downregulated genes among these DEGs. Analysis of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis show that cellular growth, lipid metabolism and lysine metabolism pathways were among the significantly enriched pathways. This study contributes to a better understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the correlation between lysine intake, body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) in broiler chickens. Moreover, the DEGs obtained in this study may be used as potential candidate genes for further investigation of broiler growth customized responses to individualized nutrients such as amino acids.

scholarly journals Transcriptional activity differentiates families of Marine Group II Euryarchaeota in the coastal ocean

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Damashek ◽  
Aimee Oyinlade Okotie-Oyekan ◽  
Scott Michael Gifford ◽  
Alexey Vorobev ◽  
Mary Ann Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
South Atlantic Bight ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Heterotrophic Metabolism ◽  
Inshore Waters ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Marine Microbial Communities

AbstractMarine Group II Euryarchaeota (Candidatus Poseidoniales), abundant but yet-uncultivated members of marine microbial communities, are thought to be (photo)heterotrophs that metabolize dissolved organic matter (DOM), such as lipids and peptides. However, little is known about their transcriptional activity. We mapped reads from a metatranscriptomic time series collected at Sapelo Island (GA, USA) to metagenome-assembled genomes to determine the diversity of transcriptionally active Ca. Poseidoniales. Summer metatranscriptomes had the highest abundance of Ca. Poseidoniales transcripts, mostly from the O1 and O3 genera within Ca. Thalassarchaeaceae (MGIIb). In contrast, transcripts from fall and winter samples were predominantly from Ca. Poseidoniaceae (MGIIa). Genes encoding proteorhodopsin, membrane-bound pyrophosphatase, peptidase/proteases, and part of the ß-oxidation pathway were highly transcribed across abundant genera. Highly transcribed genes specific to Ca. Thalassarchaeaceae included xanthine/uracil permease and receptors for amino acid transporters. Enrichment of Ca. Thalassarchaeaceae transcript reads related to protein/peptide, nucleic acid, and amino acid transport and metabolism, as well as transcript depletion during dark incubations, provided further evidence of heterotrophic metabolism. Quantitative PCR analysis of South Atlantic Bight samples indicated consistently abundant Ca. Poseidoniales in nearshore and inshore waters. Together, our data suggest that Ca. Thalassarchaeaceae are important photoheterotrophs potentially linking DOM and nitrogen cycling in coastal waters.

Meat and Bone Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Fed Groundnut Cake-Based Diets as Affected by Graded Dietary Supplements of Crystalline L- Lysine and DL- Methionine

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 846-852
Author(s):  
Olugbenga Adeniran Ogunwole ◽  
B. C Majekodunmi ◽  
R. A Faboyede ◽  
D. Ogunsiji
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Effects of supplemental dietary lysine and methionine in a Groundnut Cake (GNC) based diets on meat and bone characteristics of broiler chickens were investigated. In a completely randomized design, a total of 168 one - day – old Arbor acre broiler chicks were randomly allocated to seven dietary treatments each in triplicate of eight birds per replicate. The Seven starter and finishers’ diets were: GNC based diets without any amino acid (lysine or methionine) supplementation (T1); GNC diet + 0.2% lysine (T2); GNC diet + 0.4% lysine (T3); GNC diet + 0.2% methionine (T4); GNC diet + 0.4% methionine (T5); GNC diet + 0.2 lysine and 0.2% methionine (T6) and GNC diet + 0.4% lysine and 0.4% methionine (T7). Experimental diets and water were offered to birds ad libitum in an experiment lasting six-week. At day 42, two birds per replicate were slaughtered, meat and bone characteristics determined. There were significant variations (P<0.05) in the crude protein (%) and ether extract (%), pH1 and pH2 of meat. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances composition of meat at days 0, 5, and 10 were similar (P<0.05) and were not affected by dietary amino acid supplementation. Tibiotarsal index (mg/mm) of bone (22.10, 27.25, 33.35, 31.40, 28.70, 31.45 and 29.75 for broilers on T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 and T7, respectively) were increased significantly (P<0.05) by amino acid supplementation. Significantly differences (P<0.05) were observed in the calcium, phosphorus and potassium (%) contents of broilers’ bone across treatments. Supplemental lysine and both lysine and methionine improved meat quality and bone development of broiler chickens in this study.

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