Developmental changes in physiological amino acids and hepatic methionine remethylation enzyme activities in E10‐21 chick embryos and D1‐49 broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1727-1737
Author(s):  
Jianwei Lu ◽  
Jordan Weil ◽  
Sandro Cerrate ◽  
Craig Coon
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Chick Embryos

scholarly journals Effect of cortisol acetate on collagen biosynthesis and on the activities of prolyl hydroxylase, lysyl hydroxylase, collagen galactosyltransferase and collagen glucosyltransferase in chick-embryo tendon cells

1977 ◽  
Vol 164 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Oikarinen
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Prolyl Hydroxylase ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Lysyl Hydroxylase ◽  
Tendon Cells

Collagen synthesis and the activities of prolyl hydroxylase, lysyl hydroxylase, collagen galactosyltransferase and collagen glucosyltransferase were studied in isolated chick-embryo tendon cells after the administration of cortisol acetate to the chick embryos. When the steroid was injected 1 day before isolation of the tendon cells, collagen synthesis was decreased, even though the enzyme activities were not changed. When cortisol acetate was given as repeated injections over a period of 4 days, both collagen synthesis and the enzyme activities decreased. The hydroxylase activities decreased even more than the two collagen glycosyltransferase activities, both in isolated cells and in whole chick embryos. The amount of prolyl hydroxylase protein diminished to the same extent as the enzyme activity, indicating that cortisol acetate inhibits enzyme synthesis. The inhibitory effect of cortisol acetate on collagen synthesis and on the enzyme activities was partially reversible in 3 days. Total protein synthesis was completely restored within this time. Only massive doses of cortisol acetate inhibited collagen synthesis in vitro. Additional experiments indicated that cortisol acetate did not decrease the rate of the enzyme reactions when added directly to the enzyme incubation mixtures. The results suggest that cortisol acetate decreases collagen synthesis both by its direct effect on collagen polypeptide-chain synthesis and by decreasing the activities of enzymes involved in post-translational modifications.

Effects of some Amino-acid and Purine Antagonists on Chick Embryos

Development ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-372
Author(s):  
C. H. Waddington ◽  
Margaret Perry
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Purine Analogue ◽  
Know How ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Strong Action

Several authors have studied the effects on developing embryos of substances which are analogues of naturally occurring amino-acids and purines, and known to act, in other systems, as metabolic inhibitors. It was emphasized by Waddington, Feldman, & Perry (1955) that any particular substance may exhibit very different effects in embryos of different types. They found, for instance, that the purine analogue 8-azaguanine has a very strong action in the chick and a much lesser one in the newt embryo. It is therefore necessary to consider the various classes of embryos separately. In this communication we shall be concerned only with chick embryos. Substances under test can be administered to such embryos by injection through the shell, as was done in the paper cited above With this technique it is impossible to know how much diffusion takes place of the substance injected, and one cannot therefore be certain of the effective concentration which actually reaches the embryo.

Effect of a Leucine Analogue on Incorporation of Glycine into the Proteins of Explanted Chick Embryos

Development ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-269
Author(s):  
Phyllis W. Schultz ◽  
Heinz Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Egg Extract ◽  
Amino Acid Analogues

Amino acid analogues have been observed to give rise to abnormal forms of development of chick and amphibian embryos (Herrmann, 1953; Rothfels, 1954; Waddington & Sirlin, 1954; Feldman & Waddington, 1955; Herrmann, Rothfels-Konigsberg, & Curry, 1955). Assuming that these disturbances may be due to interference with the utilization of amino acids for protein formation, we have attempted an analysis of this effect by comparison of the protein contents and of the uptake of glycine into the proteins of chick embryo explants in the presence and absence of amino acid analogues. The results of such experiments are reported in this paper. The chick embryos used for explanation, the explantation technique, and the determination of total protein glycine and of tracer glycine were essentially the same as described previously (Herrmann & Schultz, 1958). The embryos were explanted at the 11–13 somite stage on to the surface of an agar gel containing egg extract as nutrient medium following the procedure given by Spratt (1947) as modified by Rothfels (1954).

Changes in enzyme activities and amino acids and their relations with phenolic compounds contents in okra treated by LED lights of different colors

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1945-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nattanan Wilawan ◽  
Luxsika Ngamwonglumlert ◽  
Sakamon Devahastin ◽  
Naphaporn Chiewchan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Led Lights

scholarly journals Comparison of Physicochemical Properties and Metabolite Profiling Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy of Korean Wheat Malt

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1436
Author(s):  
Yang Soo Byeon ◽  
Dabeen Lee ◽  
Young-Shick Hong ◽  
Seung-Taik Lim ◽  
Sang Sook Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
1H Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
The Us ◽  
Metabolic Properties

The objective of this study was to compare the physicochemical, enzymatic, and metabolic properties of two control wheat malts imported from Germany and the US to those of malts made from three Korean wheat varieties: Triticumaestivum L., var. Anzunbaengi, Jokyung, and Keumkang. The qualities and enzyme activities of the Korean wheat malts were generally similar to those of the control wheat malts. The Korean wheat malts had slightly lower diastatic power and enzyme activities related to saccharification. The analysis of metabolites in the wheat malt samples was performed using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics, which identified 32 metabolites that differed significantly among the samples. Most amino acids and lipids were more abundant in the Korean wheat malts than in the control wheat malts. These differences among malts could influence the quality and flavor of wheat beers. Further brewing studies are necessary to identify the association between beer quality and individual malt metabolites.

Developmental changes in brain indoles, serum tryptophan and other serum neutral amino acids in the rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Zeisel ◽  
Charlotte Mauron ◽  
Carol J. Watkins ◽  
Richard J. Wurtman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Neutral Amino Acids
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