Effects of feed form and xylanase supplementation on metabolizable energy partitioning in broiler chicken fed wheat-based diets

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 1593-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouhollah Nourmohammadi ◽  
Heshmatollah Khosravinia ◽  
Nazar Afzali
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Form

scholarly journals Dietary metabolizable energy, digestible lysine, available phosphorus levels and exogenous enzymes affect broiler chicken performance

animal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 100206
Author(s):  
P. Cozannet ◽  
R. Davin ◽  
M. Jlali ◽  
J. Jachacz ◽  
A. Preynat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Exogenous Enzymes ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

scholarly journals Inclusion of quebracho tannin extract in a high-roughage cattle diet alters digestibility, nitrogen balance, and energy partitioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron B Norris ◽  
Whitney L Crossland ◽  
Luis O Tedeschi ◽  
Jamie L Foster ◽  
James P Muir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
System Level ◽  
Total N ◽  
Quebracho Tannin ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Matter Basis

Abstract Condensed tannins (CT) might improve animal and system-level efficiency due to enhanced protein efficiency and reduced CH4. This study evaluated the impact of quebracho tannin (QT) extract fed at 0%, 1.5%, 3%, and 4.5% of dry matter (DM), within a roughage-based diet on apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), fibrous fractions, and N retention and energy partitioning of growing steers (236 ± 16 kg BW). A Latin rectangle design with eight animals and four periods was used to determine the whole-animal exchange of CO2, O2, and CH4 as well as the collection of total feces and urine over a 48-h period, using two open-circuit, indirect calorimetry respiration chambers. Following the removal of steers from respiration chambers, rumen inoculum was collected to determine ruminal parameter, including volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia. Animals were fed a 56.5% roughage diet at 1.7% BW (dry matter basis). Dry matter and gross energy intakes were influenced by the level of QT inclusion (P ≤ 0.036). Digestibility of DM, OM, and N was reduced with QT inclusion (P < 0.001), and fiber digestibility was slightly impacted (P > 0.123). QTs altered the N excretion route, average fecal N-to-total N ratio excreted increased 14%, and fecal N-to-urinary N ratio increased 38% (P < 0.001) without altering the retained N. Increased fecal energy with QT provision resulted in reduced dietary digestible energy (DE) concentration (Mcal/kg DM; P = 0.024). There were no differences in urinary energy (P = 0.491), but CH4 energy decreased drastically (P = 0.007) as QT inclusion increased. Total ruminal VFA concentration did not differ across treatments, but VFA concentration increased linearly with QT inclusion (P = 0.049). Metabolizable energy (ME) was not affected by the QT rate, and the conversion efficiency of DE-to-ME did not differ. Heat energy decreased (P = 0.013) with increased QT provision likely due to changes in the DE intake, but there was no difference in retained energy. There were no differences for retained energy or N per CO2 equivalent emission produced (P = 0.774 and 0.962, respectively), but improved efficiency for energy retention occurred for 3% QT. We concluded that QT provided up to 4.5% of dry matter intake (about 3.51% of CT, dry matter basis) does not affect N and energy retention within the current setting. Feeding QT reduced energy losses in the form of CH4 and heat, but the route of energy loss appears to be influenced by the rate of QT inclusion.

scholarly journals Energy partitioning and methane emission by sheep fed sorghum silages at different maturation stages

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 790-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.S. Machado ◽  
N.M. Rodríguez ◽  
L.C. Gonçalves ◽  
J.A.S. Rodrigues ◽  
M.N. Ribas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Gross Energy

Energy partitioning and methane production by sheep fed silages of three commercially available sorghum hybrids (BRS 610, BR 700 and BRS 655) harvested at three maturation stages (milk, soft dough and floury) were evaluated in open circuit respiration chambers. A complete randomized design was used in a 3 × 3 (hybrids × maturity stages) factorial arrangement, and the means were compared by the Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) test (P<0.05). The intake of dry matter, digestible dry matter, gross energy, digestible energy and metabolizable energy were not affected by maturation stage, but were influenced by hybrid. The net energy intake was influenced by maturity and sorghum genetics. The fecal output represented the main source of energy loss, as percentage of gross energy intake (48% to 52%), followed by heat increment (10% to 19%), methane emissions (4% to 6%) and urine (1% to 2%). There were no differences (P>0.10) among the treatments for the apparent digestibility of gross energy and metabolizability (qm). An interaction (P<0.05) between sorghum hybrid and maturation stages was observed for the efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization for maintenance (km), which ranged between 0.53 and 0.78. No differences (P>0.10) among treatments occurred in the daily methane production. There is substantial genetic diversity within sorghum species, determining different nutritional values. Sorghum genetics and maturity at harvest should not be an opportunity to reduce the contribution of agriculture to methane emissions.

scholarly journals PSIX-38 Influence of quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) tannin extract fed at differing rates in a high-roughage diet on energy partitioning in beef steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 391-392
Author(s):  
Aaron B Norris ◽  
Whitney L Crossland ◽  
Luis O Tedeschi ◽  
Jamie L Foster ◽  
James P Muir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Random Coefficients ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Energy Partitioning ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Schinopsis Balansae

Abstract Our objective was to evaluate how quebracho tannin (QT; Schinopsis balansae) within a roughage-based diet affected energy partitioning of growing beef steers. Ruminant production is essential to meeting the protein requirements of an increasing global population. However, gaseous byproducts from ruminant production, such as methane (CH4), not only reduce energetic efficiency, it can also be detrimental to the environment. Feed-grade antibiotics have traditionally been utilized for improved feed efficiency; however, consumer perception has prompted the pursuit of natural rumen modulators. Condensed tannins are a potential alternative due to their capacity for enhancing protein efficiency and reducing CH4. In our study, a 4 x 8 Latin rectangle design utilizing four periods and 8 British crossbred steers (236 ± 16 kg) were used to determine the effects of QT fed at 0 (control), 1.5, 3, and 4.5% of DM, within a roughage-based ration. Following 12-d dietary adaptation, animals were relocated to open-circuit respiration calorimetry chambers fitted with metabolism stands for gas exchange measurements and collection of total feces and urine over 48 h. Data were analyzed using a random coefficients model with animal and period as random factors. Inclusion of QT had no effect on intake, fiber digestibility, or nitrogen retention (P &gt; 0.10). Provision of QT increased fecal energy, resulting in reduced digestible energy (DE) (P &lt; 0.01). Urinary energy was not different (P = 0.49) but gas energy decreased (P &lt; 0.01) as QT inclusion increased. Metabolizable energy (ME) decreased linearly as QT increased (P &lt; 0.01), but all treatments maintained a ME-to-DE ratio of 0.86. Heat energy decreased (P = 0.01) with increased QT rate; however, there was no difference in retained energy. Although QT reduced gas and heat energy, this could not compensate for the reduction in digestible energy, leading to decreased energetic efficiency with QT inclusion.

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