Essential oils improved weight gain, growth and feed efficiency of young dairy calves fed 18 or 20% crude protein starter diets

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 652-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kazemi-Bonchenari ◽  
R. Falahati ◽  
M. Poorhamdollah ◽  
S. R. Heidari ◽  
A. Pezeshki
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dairy Calves

EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS FEEDING OF RAPESEED MEAL ON GROWTH OF DAIRY CALVES AND SUBSEQUENT FIRST LACTATION YIELD

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
M. E. SEALE
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Continuous Feeding

Thirty dairy heifer calves were reared from birth to calving on rations containing 0, 6.8 or 13.7% rapeseed meal in substitution for soybean meal. The level of rapeseed meal did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect feed intake, weight gain or feed efficiency of heifers up to breeding weight (330–340 kg). The level of rapeseed meal did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect reproduction or milk production during the first lactation. However, there may have been a trend for lower conception rate and milk fat production during first lactation with the higher level of rapeseed meal.

Effects of linseed oil and rumen undegradable protein:rumen degradable protein ratio on performance of Holstein dairy calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (11) ◽  
pp. 1247-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kazemi-Bonchenari ◽  
M. Dehghan-Banadaky ◽  
F. Fattahnia ◽  
A. Saleh-Bahmanpour ◽  
M. Jahani-Moghadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Degradable Protein

AbstractThe present study evaluated the interaction effects of n-3 fatty acids (from linseed oil (LSO), 0 v. 2·5, % DM basis) with rumen undegradable:degradable protein (RUP:RDP) ratios (low ratio (LR) 27:73; high ratio (HR) 38:62 based on crude protein %) in dairy calves’ starter diet. Forty-eight 3-d-old female Holstein dairy calves (41·5 kg of body weight (BW)) were allocated in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangements in the following treatments (n 12 calves/each): (1) no supplementation of LSO with LR (NLSO-LR); (2) no supplementation of LSO with HR (NLSO-HR); (3) supplementation of LSO with LR (LSO-LR) and (4) supplementation of LSO with HR (LSO-HR). The calves were weaned on day 53 of the experiment and remained in the study until day 73. Intake was not affected by LSO and RUP:RDP ratio. However, average daily gain (ADG) was improved with LSO supplementation. Feeding the HR diet increased ADG compared with the LR diet during the entire period. Final BW was greater in calves fed on the LSO than those fed the NLSO diet. Microbial protein production did not differ among treatments. Calves fed on LSO diets had greater feed efficiency than those which were not fed on LSO diets. The calves supplemented with LSO had greater wither and hip heights compared with the unsupplemented calves. The glucose, cholesterol, HDL and insulin concentrations increased in calves supplemented with LSO. In conclusion, the HR diet improved calves’ performance post-weaning; however, LSO could enhance growth performance of dairy calves during the pre-weaning period.

TRITICALE IN DIETS FOR YOUNG DAIRY CALVES

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
T. J. DEVLIN ◽  
J. A. McKIRDY
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
Meal Effect ◽  
Low Levels

A study was conducted to compare feed intake and growth rate of young dairy calves receiving two levels of triticale (27.5 and 55% of a complete ration) with calves receiving barley diets supplemented with urea or soybean meal. Effect of pelleting the 55% triticale diet was also examined. Each experimental diet was fed to 10 dairy calves (five bulls and five heifers) from birth. Experimental diets were fed free choice throughout. Triticale (1967 crop) at both levels reduced weight gain and feed intake relative to the control diets; however, there was little effect on feed efficiency. Low levels of ergot contamination of the triticale may have played a role in feed intake depression. Pelleting the 55% triticale diet resulted in reduced feed intake, similar weight gain and increased feed efficiency. Rations containing urea resulted in reduced rumen levels of isobutyric acid.

THE EFFECT OF LEVEL AND FREQUENCY OF FEEDING WHOLE MILK ON BODY WEIGHT GAIN AND FEED CONVERSION OF CALVES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-476
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
FRANK VAN MERLE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Milk Feeding

Thirty-two male Holstein calves, beginning at 1 wk of age, were used to estimate differences in weight gain between two feeding levels and two feeding frequencies over a period of 3 wk. Calves were randomly assigned to one of the following four treatments: whole milk (WM) fed at 10% of body weight (BW) twice a day; WM fed at 10% BW, three times a day; WM fed at 12% of BW, in two feedings per day, or WM fed at 12% of BW, in three feedings per day. Body weight gains and feed conversions were 279 and 437 g per day and 12.02 and 9.51 kg whole milk per kilogram of gain for the 10 and 12% levels of feeding, respectively. There was a trend towards increased rate of gain and improved feed efficiency when calves were fed twice compared to three times a day. Cost of medication was not influenced by level or frequency of feeding. It was concluded from this study that feeding whole milk at 12% of body weight was preferable to feeding at the 10% level of intake. Key words: Milk feeding, level, frequency, dairy calves

A comparison between an early weaning and a more conventional system of rearing dairy calves

1959 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Castle ◽  
J. N. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Unlimited Access

1. Two groups of 12 Ayrshire heifer calves were reared from birth to 14 weeks on two contrasting systems.2. The conventionally reared group consumed 19 gal. of milk, 86 gal. of milk substitute and 195 lb. of calf meal (17·0% crude protein in dry matter) in 14 weeks whereas the early-weaned animals consumed 5 gal. of milk, 19 gal. of milk substitute and 259 lb. of early-weaning cubes (22·7% crude protein in dry matter) in the same period and were weaned from milk substitute at 5 weeks old. All the calves had unlimited access to dried grass (12·0% crude protein in dry matter).3. The mean live-weight gain of the calves on the conventional system was 1·26 lb./day and of the early-weaned animals, 1·20 lb./day. These values were not significantly different.4. None of the experimental calves had bloat or indigestion and there was only one minor outbreak of scour.5. At the present day prices of the foods, the early-weaning system was the cheaper system both per day and per pound of live-weight gain.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF FEEDING MULTI-NUTRIENT MINI BLOCKS AND PELLETED DIETS ON THE GROWTH OF RABBITS

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-149
Author(s):  
W. O. Biobaku ◽  
E. B. Oguntona
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The effect of substituting pelleted diets with multinutrient block on the growth of weanling rabbits was studied. The pelleted diets and the multinutrient blocks contained crude protein 23.31% and 24.24%, crude fibre 21.65 and 23.00% ether extract 10.44% and 10.97% respectively. The body weight gain (10.58g/day), feed intake (110,20g/day) and feed efficiency ration (0.58) of rabbits fed multinutrient blocks were non-significantly higher by 8.50%, 10.65% and 10.34% respectively, that those rabbits fed with pelleted basal diet.  

scholarly journals Blend of Essential Oils Supplemented Alone or Combined with Exogenous Amylase Compared with Virginiamycin Supplementation on Finishing Lambs: Performance, Dietary Energetics, Carcass Traits, and Nutrient Digestion

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2390
Author(s):  
Alfredo Estrada-Angulo ◽  
Yesica J. Arteaga-Wences ◽  
Beatriz I. Castro-Pérez ◽  
Jesús D. Urías-Estrada ◽  
Soila Gaxiola-Camacho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Dry Matter Intake

Two experiments were conducted to compare a supplemental blend of essential oils alone (EO) or combined with enzymes (EO + ENZ) versus virginiamycin (VM), on characteristics of growth performance (Exp. 1) and digestion (Exp. 2) in finishing lambs. Lambs were fed a high-energy finishing diet supplemented with: (1) no supplement (control); (2) 150 mg supplemental EO; (3) 150 mg supplemental EO plus 560 mg alpha-amylase (EO + ENZ); and 4) 25 mg VM. Compared with the control, growth performance response to EO and VM were similar, enhancing (5.7%, p < 0.05) feed efficiency and observed dietary net energy. Compared with control, supplementation with EO + ENZ tended (p = 0.09) to increase dry matter intake (6.8%), improving (p < 0.05) weight gain and feed efficiency (10.4 and 4.4%, respectively). Dietary energy utilization was greater (2.7%, p < 0.05) for EO and VM than EO + ENZ. Treatment effects on the carcass and visceral mass were small, but additive supplementation decreased (p ≤ 0.03) the relative weight of the intestines. There were no treatment effects on measures of digestion nor digestible energy of the diet. Supplemental EO may be an effective alternative to VM in high-energy finishing diets for feedlot lambs. Combination EO + ENZ may further enhance dry matter intake, promoting increased weight gain.

Lysine requirements of young broiler chickens are affected by level of dietary crude protein

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Urdaneta-Rincon ◽  
K. de Lange ◽  
Luis Peña-Ortega ◽  
S. Leeson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Quadratic Regression ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Response Variables

Growth and body nitrogen and fat deposition in response to dietary lysine were assessed in chicks to 21 d of age when fed dietary crude protein (CP) at 170, 210, 250 or 290 g kg-1 diet. Response variables were evaluated using linear and quadratic regression, and linear-plateau models. In all cases, a better fit was observed with quadratic regression and linear-plateau models. Weight gain, F:G, and body nitrogen and fat deposition plateaued as dietary lysine was increased regardless of CP. Lysine requirements for weight gain to 21 d were significantly different when comparing 170 vs. 210 and 210 vs. 250 g CP kg-1 diets, although no differences were found when 250 and 290 g CP kg-1 were fed. Feed efficiency and body nitrogen responded in a similar manner to diet CP and lysine levels. Dietary lysine requirement increased as CP increased (170 vs. 210, and 210 to 250 g kg-1), although lysine requirement was unaffected when 250 or 290 g CP kg-1 diets are used. The requirements for lysine at low CP levels are better expressed as a percentage of CP. However, when dietary CP intake no longer limits growth, lysine needs should be specified as a diet percentage. Key words: Lysine, broiler chickens, nitrogen

Effects of Increased Dietary Protein and Energy on Composition and Functional Capacities of Blood Mononuclear Cells from Vaccinated, Neonatal Calves

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foote ◽  
Nonnecke† ◽  
Waters ◽  
Palmer ◽  
Beitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Gamma Delta ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Functional Capacities

Effects of increased protein and energy provided by an intensified milk replacer on the antigen-specific, cell-mediated immune response of the neonatal calf were examined. Calves were fed a standard (0.45 kg/day of a 20% crude protein, 20% fat milk replacer; n = 11) or intensified (1.14 kg/day of a 28% crude protein, 20% fat milk replacer; n = 11) diet from 0 to 6 weeks of age. All calves were vaccinated with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) at 1 week of age. The daily weight gain of intensified-diet calves (0.62 kg/day) was greater than the weight gain of standard-diet calves (0.29 kg/day). Liver, kidney, heart, thymus, and subcervical lymph nodes from intensified-diet calves were heavier than the same organs from standard-diet calves. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) populations indicated that CD4+ cells, gamma delta TCR+ cells, and monocyte percentages, although unaffected by diet during the first 5 weeks of the study, were higher in intensified-diet calves at week 6. The decline in gamma deltad TCR+ cell percentages and increase in B cell percentages with increasing age seen in all calves are characteristic of the maturing immune system of the calf. CD8+ T cell or B cell percentages were not affected by diet. In intensified-diet calves, percentages of CD4+ expressing interleukin-2 receptor increased and percentages of gamma delta TCR+ cells expressing interleukin-2 receptor decreased with time. The same populations in standard-diet calves did not change with time. Percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and B cells expressing MHC class II antigen, were unaffected by diet or age. Although mitogen-induced interferon (IFN)-gamma and nitric oxide (NO) secretion increased with age for all calves, PBMC from intensified-diet calves produced less IFN-gamma and more NO than did cells from standard-diet calves at week 6 of the study. Antigen-induced secretion of IFN-gamma and NO also increased with age but was unaffected by diet. Antigen-elicited delayed-type hypersensitivity was unaffected by diet, suggesting increased dietary protein and energy did not alter adaptive immunity in vivo. Overall, these results suggest that feeding calves a commercially available, intensified milk replacer affects minimally the composition and functional capacities of PBMC populations. Additional research is necessary to determine whether these subtle effects influence the calf’s susceptibility to infectious disease.

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