Fasting heat production of Saanen and Anglo Nubian goats measured using open-circuit facemask respirometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. M. da R. Fernandes ◽  
A. R. C. Lima ◽  
A. K. Almeida ◽  
T. H. Borghi ◽  
I. A. M. de A. Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Fasting Heat Production

scholarly journals Protein and energy requirements for maintenance of indigenous Granadina goats

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Prieto ◽  
J. F. Aguilera ◽  
L. Lara ◽  
J. FonollÁ
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Total N ◽  
A Value ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Fasting Heat Production

Sixteen adult castrated male goats of the Granadina breed, with initial live weights ranging from 26.0 to 33.3 kg were used in two experiments to determine their protein and energy requirements for maintenance. Digestibility, nitrogen and energy balance measurements were made during the experiments. Two diets, which were based on pelleted lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay alone or on this forage and barley, were individually given at about maintenance level once daily. Gas exchange was measured using open-circuit respiration chambers. Fasting heat production was also determined. By regression analysis endogenous urinary N and maintenance requirements for N were estimated to be 119 mg/kg body-weight (W)0.75 per d and 409 mg total N/kg W0.75 per d respectively. Fasting heat production was 324 kJ/kg W0.75. The energy requirement for maintenance was calculated by regression of energy balance on metabolizable energy (ME) intake and a value of 443 kJ/kg W0.75 per d was found. The overall efficiency of utilization of ME for maintenance was 0.73.

Effects of Plane of Nutrition on Organ Size and Fasting Heat Production in Pigs

1982 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 1638-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Jung Koong ◽  
John A. Nienaber ◽  
Jerome C. Pekas ◽  
Jong-Tseng Yen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Organ Size ◽  
Fasting Heat Production

scholarly journals Use of theoretical efficiencies of protein and fat synthesis to calculate energy requirements for growth in pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Z. Roux
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Regression Estimate ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Approximate Equality ◽  
Fat Synthesis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Fasting Heat Production

From the observation that fasting heat production includes the cost of body protein resynthesis and the evidence that protein resynthesis is included in the regression estimate of protein retention efficiency it is conjectured that the estimate of maintenance from fasting heat production must be conceptually equal to the regression intercept estimate of maintenance plus the cost of body protein resynthesis. Experimental evidence for comparable situations shows an approximate observational equality in agreement with the conjectured conceptual equality. This approximate equality implies that the theoretical (stiochiometric) efficiency of protein synthesis should be used in conjunction with the estimate of maintenance from fasting heat production for the prediction of growth energy requirements. The approximate maintenance equalities suggest furthermore approximate equality of theoretical fat synthesis efficiency and regression fat retention efficiency. This conjecture is also supported by experimental evidence. Some practical nutrition and pig breeding implications of the foregoing conclusions are indicated.

Fasting heat production and metabolic body size in non-ruminant growing farm animals

2013 ◽  
pp. 313-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Noblet ◽  
E. Labussière ◽  
S. Dubois ◽  
C. F. M. de Lange ◽  
R. Barea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Fasting Heat Production

Effect of dietary electrolyte balance on metabolic rate and energy balance in pigs

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Dersjant-Li ◽  
J. W. Schrama ◽  
M. J. W. Heetkamp ◽  
J. A. J. Verreth ◽  
M. W. A. Verstegen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Total Heat ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Significance Level

AbstractThe effect of two dietary electrolyte balance (dEB, Na+ + K+ – Cl-) levels (–135 and 145 mEq/kg diet) on heat production, energy and nitrogen retention in piglets was assessed. The experiment consisted of a 13-day adaptation period and a 7-day balance period in two open-circuit climate respiration chambers. Nine groups of three (4 weeks old) crossbred barrows were assigned to one of two diets (five and four groups for –135 and 145 mEq/kg dEB diets respectively). During the balance period, diets were provided at 2·3 times the energy requirement for maintenance in two equal meals daily. Total heat production for each group was determined every 9 minutes from the exchange of CO2 and O2. Faeces and urine mixture was quantitatively collected during the balance period to measure energy and nitrogen balance. Total heat production and metabolizable energy costs for maintenance tended (P 0·10) to be higher in the 145 mEq/kg dEB group (681 and 443 kJ/kg0·75 per day respectively) than in the –135 mEq/kg dEB group (660 and 412 kJ/kg0·75 per day respectively). Differences in total heat production between the two dEB groups mainly occurred in the daytime (light period), when significance level was P 0·01. The respiratory quotient and energy retention as fat were numerically (but not statistically significantly) lower in the 145 mEq/kg dEB group compared with –135 mEq/kg dEB. In conclusion, energy balances were similar for both treatments. However in the daytime (light period), piglets needed more energy for maintenance after ingesting a diet with a dEB level of 145 mEq/kg compared to a diet with a dEB level of –135 mEq/kg at a restricted feeding level.

The effect of offering concentrate supplement to twin- and triplet-bearing ewes grazing a 60 mm herbage sward height on lamb birth weight, heat production and post-natal growth

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. KERSLAKE ◽  
P. R. KENYON ◽  
K. J. STAFFORD ◽  
S. T. MORRIS ◽  
P. C. H. MOREL
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Positive Effect

SUMMARYThe current study investigated the effect of offering concentrate supplement to ewes in late pregnancy on twin- and triplet-born lamb heat production at 24–36 h old and performance from birth until lactation day 94 (L94). Twin- (n=40) and triplet-bearing (n=28) ewes were grazed on a 60 mm sward height from day 70 of pregnancy (P70) until L94. From P100, half of the ewes from each litter size were offered 400 g/ewe/day of concentrate sheep pellets. Ewe liveweight and body condition were recorded on P50, 100, 130, 135 and 140. Ewe blood samples were also collected on P130, 135 and 140, and ewe herbage intake was estimated from P133–136 using the n-alkane method. Lamb measurements included liveweight and body size at birth, production of heat using indirect open-circuit calorimetry at 24–36 h old and liveweight at L94. Blood samples were also collected from lambs at 24–36 h old and directly before and after calorimetry measurements. While estimates of ewe herbage intake suggested that substitution of herbage for concentrate did not occur, offering concentrate supplement failed to improve ewe liveweight gain, or birth weight of lambs. Offering concentrate supplement, however, did have a positive effect (P<0·05) on the maximal amount of heat a triplet-born lamb can produce on a per kg of body weight basis (concentrate 21±1·3 W/kg, non-concentrate 17±0·6 W/kg). It also had a positive effect (P<0·05) on lamb square-root-transformed plasma gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations, an indicator of colostrum uptake (concentrate 46±3·1 U/l, non-concentrate 38±2·9 U/l). Irrespective of lamb birth rank, offering concentrate supplement had a positive effect (P<0·01) on liveweight gain per day from birth until L94 (concentrate 261±5·7 g/day, non-concentrate 239±5·8 g/day), although there was no effect on the total weight of lamb reared/ewe. Supplementation with concentrate resulted in triplet-born lambs that produced more heat which may have positive effects on the ability of the newborn lamb to deal with cold stress and potentially its survival. Offering concentrate supplement also produced greater lamb growth in twin- and triplet-born lambs.

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