scholarly journals Comparison of feed intake, digestion and rumen function among domestic ruminant species grazing in upland vegetation communities

2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 846-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. M. Ferreira ◽  
G. Hervás ◽  
A. Belenguer ◽  
R. Celaya ◽  
M. A. M. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Domestic Ruminant ◽  
Vegetation Communities ◽  
Ruminant Species

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 replicates in respiratory ex vivo organ cultures of domestic ruminant species

2021 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 108933
Author(s):  
Giovanni Di Teodoro ◽  
Fabrizia Valleriani ◽  
Ilaria Puglia ◽  
Federica Monaco ◽  
Chiara Di Pancrazio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Domestic Ruminant ◽  
Organ Cultures ◽  
Ruminant Species

scholarly journals Disposition Kinetics and Optimal Dosage of Ciprofloxacin in Healthy Domestic Ruminant Species

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ijaz Javed ◽  
Zahid Iqbal ◽  
None Zia-Ur-Rahman ◽  
M. Zargham Khan ◽  
Faqir Muhammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dosage Regimen ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Domestic Ruminant ◽  
Disposition Kinetics ◽  
Intramuscular Dose ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Optimal Dosage Regimen ◽  
Buffalo Cow

The purpose of this experimental study was to determine the disposition kinetics and optimal dosages of ciprofloxacin in healthy domestic ruminant species including adult female buffalo, cow, sheep and goat. The drug was given as a single intramuscular dose of 5 mg/kg. The plasma concentrations of the drug were determined with HPLC and pharmacokinetic variables were determined. The biological half-life (t1/2 β was longer in cows (3.25 ± 0.46 h) followed by intermediate values in buffaloes (3.05 ± 0.20 h) and sheep (2.93 ± 0.45 h) and shorter in goats (2.62 ± 0.39 h). The volume of distribution (Vd) in buffaloes was 1.09 ± 0.06 l/kg, cows 1.24 ± 0.16 l/kg, sheep 2.89 ± 0.30 l/kg and goats 3.76 ± 0.92 l/kg. Total body clearance (ClB) expressed in l/h/kg was minimum in buffaloes 0.25 ± 0.02 followed by values in cows 0.31 ± 0.02 and sheep 0.75 ± 0.04 and maximum in goats 1.09 ± 0.11. An optimal dosage regimen for 12-h interval consisted of 5.17, 5.62, 6.54 and 6.10 mg/kg body weight as priming and 4.84, 5.37, 6.26 and 5.91 mg/kg body weight as maintenance intramuscular dose in buffalo, cow, sheep and goat, respectively. The manufacturers of ciprofloxacin have claimed 5 mg/kg dose to be repeated after 24 h. However, the investigated dosage regimen may be repeated after 12 h to maintain MIC at the end of the dosage interval. Therefore, it is imperative that an optimal dosage regimen be based on the disposition kinetics data determined in the species and environment in which a drug is to be employed clinically.

AN EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DIETARY PARAMETERS AND RUMEN SOLID TURNOVER RATE

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
ESSI EVANS
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Two Parameters

Data were compiled from published sources in order to relate the effects of level of feed intake, dietary energy concentration, energy intake level and dietary roughage level on the rate of turnover of solid material in the rumen for both sheep and cattle. Regression analyses were used to quantify the effects of dietary parameters and combinations of these parameters on rumen solid turnover rates. Significant simple regression relationships were established between feed intake and solid turnover rates with both sheep (r = 0.479) and cattle (r = 0.281). Solid turnover rates were negatively related to dietary digestible energy concentrations based upon data from sheep (r = −0.468), but no relationship (P > 0.05) between the two parameters was found for cattle. Solid turnover rates were increased (P < 0.05) with elevations in digestible energy intakes and with elevations in the percentage of dietary forage with sheep. From multiple regression analyses, it was learned that elevations in the energy density in the diet depressed solid turnover rates in both ruminant species.

Junction of the Epithelium and Lamina Propria of the Bovine Rumen Mucosa

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
Al W. Stinson
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Protective Shield ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Lead Hydroxide ◽  
Acetic Acids

The stratified squamous epithelium which lines the ruminal compartment of the bovine stomach performs at least three important functions. (1) The upper keratinized layer forms a protective shield against the rough, fibrous, constantly moving ingesta. (2) It is an organ of absorption since a number of substances are absorbed directly through the epithelium. These include short chain fatty acids, potassium, sodium and chloride ions, water, and many others. (3) The cells of the deeper layers metabolize butyric acid and to a lesser extent propionic and acetic acids which are the fermentation products of rumen digestion. Because of the functional characteristics, this epithelium is important in the digestive process of ruminant species which convert large quantities of rough, fibrous feed into energy.Tissue used in this study was obtained by biopsy through a rumen fistula from clinically healthy, yearling holstein steers. The animals had been fed a typical diet of hay and grain and the ruminal papillae were fully developed. The tissue was immediately immersed in 1% osmium tetroxide buffered to a pH of 7.4 and fixed for 2 hrs. The tissue blocks were embedded in Vestapol-W, sectioned with a Porter-Blum microtome with glass knives and stained with lead hydroxide. The sections were studied with an RCA EMU 3F electron microscope.

Nutritional assessment and feed intake of microparticulate diets in crustaceans and fish

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 691-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Teshima ◽  
M Ishikawa ◽  
S Koshio
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutritional Assessment
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