Forage and sugar in dairy calves' starter diet and their interaction on performance, weaning age and rumen fermentation

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Beiranvand ◽  
G. R. Ghorbani ◽  
M. Khorvash ◽  
M. Kazemi-Bonchenari
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Weaning Age

scholarly journals Rumen Fermentation, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Bacteria Composition between Pre-Weaning and Post-Weaning Dairy Calves

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2527
Author(s):  
Yangyi Hao ◽  
Chunyan Guo ◽  
Yue Gong ◽  
Xiaoge Sun ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Fermentation Profile

To better understand the transition of rumen function during the weaning period in dairy calves, sixteen Holstein dairy calves were selected and divided into two groups: pre-weaning (age = 56 ± 7 day, n = 8) and post-weaning (age = 80 ± 6 day, n = 8). The rumen fluid was obtained by an oral gastric tube. The rumen fermentation profile, enzyme activity, bacteria composition, and their inter-relationship were investigated. The results indicated that the post-weaning calves had a higher rumen acetate, propionate, butyrate, and microbial crude protein (MCP) than the pre-weaning calves (p < 0.05). The rumen pH in the post-weaning calves was lower than the pre-weaning calves (p < 0.05). The protease, carboxymethyl cellulase, cellobiohydrolase, and glucosidase in the post-weaning calves had a lower trend than the pre-weaning calves (0.05 < p < 0.1). There was no difference in α and β diversity between the two groups. Linear discriminant analysis showed that the phylum of Fibrobacteres in the post-weaning group was higher than the pre-weaning group. At the genus level, Shuttleworthia, Rikenellaceae, Fibrobacter, and Syntrophococcus could be worked as the unique bacteria in the post-weaning group. The rumen bacteria network node degree in the post-weaning group was higher than the pre-weaning group (16.54 vs. 9.5). The Shuttleworthia genus was highly positively correlated with MCP, propionate, total volatile fatty acid, glucosidase, acetate, and butyrate (r > 0.65, and p < 0.01). Our study provided new information about the rumen enzyme activity and its relationship with bacteria, which help us to better understand the effects of weaning on the rumen function.

scholarly journals Nutrient intake, rumen fermentation and growth performance of dairy calves fed extruded full-fat soybean as a replacement for soybean meal

animal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ZeidAli-Nejad ◽  
G.R. Ghorbani ◽  
S. Kargar ◽  
A. Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi ◽  
A. Pezeshki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dairy Calves

scholarly journals Effects of different feed type exposure in early life on performance, rumen fermentation, and feed preference of dairy calves

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. 8169-8181 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.X. Xiao ◽  
L.Y. Guo ◽  
G.M. Alugongo ◽  
Y.J. Wang ◽  
Z.J. Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dairy Calves

Evaluation of ketogenic vs. glucogenic substrates as energy sources in starter diets for Holstein dairy calves

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Beiranvand ◽  
M. Khorvash ◽  
G. R. Ghorbani ◽  
A. Homayouni ◽  
L. Bachmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Sodium Propionate ◽  
Waste Milk ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Holstein Calves

Beiranvand, H., Khorvash, M., Ghorbani, G. R., Homayouni, A., Bachmann, L. and Kargar, S. 2014. Evaluation of ketogenic vs. glucogenic substrates as energy sources in starter diets for Holstein dairy calves. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 717–723. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the inclusion of granular sugar and sodium propionate as ketogenic and glucogenic substrates, respectively, in calf starter diets on the performance, weaning age, rumen fermentation characteristics and plasma β-hydroxybutyrate (βHBA). Twenty-one newborn male Holstein calves were housed in individual pens until 10 wk of age, receiving starter ad libitum, fresh water free choice, and fed four liters of pasteurized waste milk daily until weaning. Calves were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: (1) no supplemental additive (Control); (2) granular sugar (5% of dietary DM; Sugar); and (3) sodium propionate (5% of dietary DM; Propionate). Overall, no differences were observed among treatments for starter intake, average daily gain, feed efficiency, day of weaning, body weight at weaning and at the end of the study. Body measurements including body length, hip height, hip width, and heart girth were remained unchanged among treatments. Ruminal fluid pH (5.36 to 5.58) and concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (93.1 to 101.6 mM), acetate (43.6 to 53.1 mM), propionate (30.5 to 35.1 mM), and ratio of acetate to propionate (1.42 to 1.89) were not affected by treatments over the experimental period. However, the concentration of butyrate was greater at 35 and 70 d of age in calves receiving Sugar compared with calves receiving Propionate, but not compared with the Control. Greater blood βHBA at 45, 60 and 70 d of age was noticed in calves fed Sugar compared with those fed Control and Propionate. In conclusion, according to the concentrations of supplemental ketogenic and glucogenic substrates used in the current experiment, sugar and sodium propionate in starter diets did not improve calf performance.

scholarly journals Different Methods of Eubiotic Feed Additive Provision Affects Health, Performance, Fermentation, and Metabolic Status of Dairy Calves During The Preweaning Period

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Stefańska ◽  
Frank Katzer ◽  
Barbara Golińska ◽  
Sebastian Smulski ◽  
Patrycja Sobolewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Health Performance ◽  
Preweaning Period

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate whether different methods of providing eubiotic feed additives, to neonatal calves during the preweaning period, can improve the health, performance, rumen fermentation, and metabolic status of the calves. Forty-four Holstein-Friesian dairy calves, were divided into one of four treatment groups for the 8 week trial. The eubiotic feed additives consisted of a combination of probiotic Lactobacillus spp. (multiple-strains) at a dose of 250 mg/calf/d and phytobiotics containing rosmarinic acid, as the main bioactive compound, at a dose of 50 mg/calf/d. Treatment differed by the methods that the eubiotic feed additives were provided, and the groups were as follows: CON (control, without eubiotic feed additive in their milk replacer or their starter feed), MR (eubiotic feed additives added to the milk replacer), SF (eubiotic feed additives added to the starter feed), MRS (eubiotic feed additives added to the milk replacer and the starter feed). Individual intake of starter feed was measured daily and body weights weekly until 56 d of age. Results The body weight of the MR treatment group calves were higher on days 28 and 56. Including the eubiotic feed additive in the milk replacer affected increasing average daily gain, starter intake and total dry matter intake from d 29 to d 56 and the overall experimental period in comparison to the CON group. The calves of the MR treatment had lower fecal scores from d 3 to d 28, number of parasite oocysts/cysts per gram of feces on d 28, and the occurrences of faecal consistency scores of 3 (mild diarrhea) and 4 (confirmation diarrhea) were 3.2 and 3.0 times lower, respectively, compared with animals of the CON group. Also, in this group higher ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids, propionate, and butyrate were noted on d 56 compared to CON group. Adding eubiotics into milk replacer resulted the highest concentrations of blood insulin-like growth factor-I and β-hydroxybutyrate from d 29 to 56 and through the entire experimental period. Conclusion The addition of eubiotic feed additives into the milk replacer can improve health, performance, rumen fermentation, and biochemical blood indices in dairy calves during the preweaning period.

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