scholarly journals Circadian regulation and molecular role of the Bsx homeobox gene in the adult pineal gland

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel B. Carstensen ◽  
Henrik Hertz ◽  
Tenna Bering ◽  
Morten Møller ◽  
Kristian Rohde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Circadian Regulation

Seasonal changes of SP and NKA in frontal cortex, striatum and testes in the rat. Role of maternal pineal gland

Peptides ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Vázquez Moreno ◽  
L Debeljuk ◽  
E Dı́az Rodrı́guez ◽  
C Fernández Alvarez ◽  
B Dı́az López
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Seasonal Changes

Overexpression of the tinman-related genes XNkx-2.5 and XNkx-2.3 in Xenopus embryos results in myocardial hyperplasia

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (11) ◽  
pp. 3549-3556 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.B. Cleaver ◽  
K.D. Patterson ◽  
P.A. Krieg
Keyword(s):  
Heart Development ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Cardiac Differentiation ◽  
Myocardial Cells ◽  
Differentiation Markers ◽  
Heart Field ◽  
Cardiac Mesoderm ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Embryos ◽  
Functional Homologues

Drosophila tinman is an NK-class homeobox gene required for formation of the dorsal vessel, the insect equivalent of the vertebrate heart. Vertebrate sequences related to tinman, such as mouse Nkx-2.5, chicken cNkx-2.5, Xenopus XNkx-2.5 and XNkx-2.3 are expressed in cardiac precursors and in tissues involved in induction of cardiac mesoderm. Mice which lack a functional Nkx-2.5 gene die due to cardiac defects. To determine the role of tinman-related sequences in heart development, we have overexpressed both XNkx-2.3 and XNkx-2.5 in Xenopus laevis embryos. The resulting embryos are morphologically normal except that they have enlarged hearts. The enlarged heart phenotype is due to a thickening of the myocardium caused by an increase in the overall number of myocardial cells (hyperplasia). Neither ectopic nor precocious expression of cardiac differentiation markers is detectable in overexpressing embryos. These results suggest that both XNkx-2.3 and XNkx-2.5 are functional homologues of tinman, responsible for maintenance of the heart field.

THE ROLE OF CIRCADIAN REGULATION OF GHRELIN LEVELS IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1750-1753
Author(s):  
Kateryna A. Tarianyk ◽  
Nataliya V. Lytvynenko ◽  
Anastasiia D. Shkodina ◽  
Igor P. Kaidashev
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Clock Genes ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Circadian Regulation ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Dopaminergic Therapy ◽  
Peripheral Oscillators ◽  
Genes Expression

The paper is aimed at the analysis of the role of the circadian regulation of ghrelin levels in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Based on the literature data, patients with Parkinson’s disease have clinical fluctuations in the symptoms of the disease, manifested by the diurnal changes in motor activity, autonomic functions, sleep-wake cycle, visual function, and the efficacy of dopaminergic therapy. Biological rhythms are controlled by central and peripheral oscillators which links with dopaminergic neurotransmission – core of the pathogenesis of Parkinson`s disease. Circadian system is altered in Parkinson`s disease due to that ghrelin fluctuations may be changed. Ghrelin is potential food-entrainable oscillator because it is linked with clock genes expression. In Parkinson`s disease this hormone may induce eating behavior changing and as a result metabolic disorder. The “hunger hormone” ghrelin can be a biomarker of the Parkinson’s disease, and the study of its role in the pathogenesis, as well as its dependence on the period of the day, intake of levodopa medications to improve the effectiveness of treatment is promising.

scholarly journals The Role of Circadian Regulation in Cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gery ◽  
H. P. Koeffler
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Regulation

MELANIN PIGMENTATION IN BOVINE PINEAL GLAND AND ITS POSSIBLE CORRELATION WITH GONADAL FUNCTION

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Santamarina
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Black Pigment ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Melanin Pigmentation ◽  
Degenerative Process ◽  
Aging Phenomenon ◽  
Bovine Pineal Gland

The incidence of melanin in the bovine pineal gland was studied in 880 glands. Spectrophotometric analysis and chemical and cytochemical methods identified the black pigment present in the bovine pineal gland as melanin. No melanin was found in bulls 4 and 5 years of age nor in heifers of about 18 months. In pregnant cows over 5 years of age melanin was found in 5.4% of the pineal glands. Non-pregnant cows of the same age exhibited melanin in 8.5% of the pineal glands. Castrated male cattle between 18 and 24 months of age showed 49.6% of the pineal glands with macroscopical signs of melanization. As much as 67% of the pineal glands of steers from some herds contained melanin. In intact cattle melanin in the pineal appears to be mainly an aging phenomenon. The fact that castration in male cattle causes hypertrophy of the pineal gland followed by a degenerative process in which melanin is involved seems to give strong evidence of a pineal gonadal interrelationship. The possible role of the hormones in the phenomenon of melanin formation is discussed.

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