Low melatonin production by suppression of either serotonin N-acetyltransferase or N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase in rice causes seedling growth retardation with yield penalty, abiotic stress susceptibility, and enhanced coleoptile growth under anoxi

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeong Byeon ◽  
Kyoungwhan Back
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Coleoptile Growth ◽  
Stress Susceptibility ◽  
Melatonin Production ◽  
Yield Penalty

Germination and decreased growth of Kochia scoparia in relation to its autoallelopathy

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1083-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. K. Lodhi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
High Density ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Radicle Length

The autotoxic properties of Kochia scoparia phytotoxins on its germination and on radicle and seedling growth were studied. Inhibition of seed germination, a commonly known allelopathic phenomenon, did not occur and seeds reached close to 100% germination within 24 h when tested against different phytotoxins isolated from Kochia leaves regardless of the concentrations applied. Similarly, the radicle length of Kochia seeds measured was not significantly affected. However, when radicles were allowed to grow for an extended period of time in various concentrations of isolated phytotoxins, their length was significantly reduced in almost all cases. Such autotoxic growth retardation patterns were more pronounced in 10-day-old seedlings. It appears that Kochia phytotoxins do not inhibit germination but retard growth later, which also supports the high density but drastically reduced growth of Kochia in its 2nd year of revegetation in the field. The autotoxins isolated and identified from Kochia leaves were phenolics and flavanoids.

scholarly journals Marker-assisted forward and backcross breeding for improvement of elite Indian rice variety Naveen for multiple biotic and abiotic stress tolerance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256721
Author(s):  
Perumalla Janaki Ramayya ◽  
Vishnu Prasanth Vinukonda ◽  
Uma Maheshwar Singh ◽  
Shamshad Alam ◽  
Challa Venkateshwarlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
High Level ◽  
Yield Penalty

The elite Indian rice variety, Naveen is highly susceptible to major biotic and abiotic stresses such as blast, bacterial blight (BB), gall midge (GM) and drought which limit its productivity in rainfed areas. In the present study, a combined approach of marker-assisted forward (MAFB) and back cross (MABC) breeding was followed to introgress three major genes, viz., Pi9 for blast, Xa21 for bacterial blight (BB), and Gm8 for gall midge (GM) and three major QTLs, viz., qDTY1.1, qDTY2.2 and qDTY4.1 conferring increased yield under drought in the background of Naveen. At each stage of advancement, gene-based/linked markers were used for the foreground selection of biotic and abiotic stress tolerant genes/QTLs. Intensive phenotype-based selections were performed in the field for identification of lines with high level of resistance against blast, BB, GM and drought tolerance without yield penalty under non-stress situation. A set of 8 MAFB lines and 12 MABC lines with 3 to 6 genes/QTLs and possessing resistance/tolerance against biotic stresses and reproductive stage drought stress with better yield performance compared to Naveen were developed. Lines developed through combined MAFB and MABC performed better than lines developed only through MAFB. This study exemplifies the utility of the combined approach of marker-assisted forward and backcrosses breeding for targeted improvement of multiple biotic and abiotic stress resistance in the background of popular mega varieties.

Features of cyclic sleep organization and melatonin production in full-term newborns with intrauterine growth retardation

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-624
Author(s):  
I. I. Evsyukova ◽  
O. V. Koval’chuk-Kovalevskaya ◽  
N. A. Maslyanyuk ◽  
D. S. Dodkhoev
Keyword(s):  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Term Newborns ◽  
Melatonin Production

scholarly journals A Wheat SIMILAR TO RCD-ONE Gene Enhances Seedling Growth and Abiotic Stress Resistance by Modulating Redox Homeostasis and Maintaining Genomic Integrity

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuantao Liu ◽  
Shuwei Liu ◽  
Mei Wang ◽  
Tiandi Wei ◽  
Chen Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Genomic Integrity

Effect of Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) Extracts on Germination and Seedling Growth of Selected Grass and Broadleaf Species

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford H. Koger ◽  
Charles T. Bryson
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Coleoptile Growth ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Hemp Sesbania ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Prickly Sida

The effects of cogongrass foliage and root residue extracts on germination and radicle and coleoptile growth of barnyardgrass, browntop millet, bermudagrass, hemp sesbania, Italian ryegrass, and prickly sida were investigated in laboratory experiments. Liquid extracts of cogongrass foliage and root residues at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8% were evaluated on bermudagrass and Italian ryegrass. Effects of 8% foliage or root residue extracts were investigated on hemp sesbania, prickly sida, barnyardgrass, and browntop millet. Cogongrass residue (foliage and root) extracts at concentrations as low as 0.5% inhibited germination and seedling growth of bermudagrass and Italian ryegrass. Germination of bermudagrass and Italian ryegrass was reduced by as much as 62% and radicle and coleoptile growth by as much as 96% at the highest extract concentrations. Foliage and root residue extracts reduced germination of barnyardgrass, browntop millet, and prickly sida 52 to 64% and seedling growth by as much as 96%. Cogongrass extracts had no effect on germination or seedling development of hemp sesbania. Results indicate that extracts of cogongrass may contain allelochemicals that may contribute to its invasiveness and extreme competitiveness.

ZmCBF3 overexpression improves tolerance to abiotic stress in transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) without yield penalty

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1949-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaoyun Xu ◽  
Luhui Li ◽  
Yunliu Fan ◽  
Jianmin Wan ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Transgenic Rice ◽  
Yield Penalty

OsCIPK31, a CBL-interacting protein kinase is involved in germination and seedling growth under abiotic stress conditions in rice plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-long Piao ◽  
Yuan-hu Xuan ◽  
Su Hyun Park ◽  
Byoung Il Je ◽  
Soon Ju Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Rice Plants

scholarly journals Phenylalanine 4-Hydroxylase Contributes to Endophytic Bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens’ Melatonin Biosynthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Jiao ◽  
Yan Xia ◽  
Yingli Zhang ◽  
Xueli Wu ◽  
Chonghuai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Endophytic Bacterium ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Melatonin Production ◽  
Endogenous Melatonin

Melatonin acts both as an antioxidant and as a growth regulatory substance in plants. Pseudomonas fluorescens endophytic bacterium has been shown to produce melatonin and increase plant resistance to abiotic stressors through increasing endogenous melatonin. However, in bacteria, genes are still not known to be melatonin-related. Here, we reported that the bacterial phenylalanine 4-hydroxylase (PAH) may be involved in the 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) biosynthesis and further influenced the subsequent production of melatonin in P. fluorescens. The purified PAH protein of P. fluorescens not only hydroxylated phenylalanine but also exhibited l-tryptophan (l-Trp) hydroxylase activity by converting l-Trp to 5-HTP in vitro. However, bacterial PAH displayed lower activity and affinity for l-Trp than l-phenylalanine. Notably, the PAH deletion of P. fluorescens blocked melatonin production by causing a significant decline in 5-HTP levels and thus decreased the resistance to abiotic stress. Overall, this study revealed a possible role for bacterial PAH in controlling 5-HTP and melatonin biosynthesis in bacteria, and expanded the current knowledge of melatonin production in microorganisms.

scholarly journals Development and Use of a Seedling Growth Retardation Assay to Quantify and Map Loci Underlying Variation in the Maize Basal Defense Response

2021 ◽  
pp. PHYTOFR-12-20-0
Author(s):  
Yanli Wang ◽  
James Holland ◽  
Peter Balint-Kurti
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Ril Population ◽  
Low Responder ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Open Access Article

The pattern-triggered immune (PTI) response in plants is caused by the recognition of conserved microbe‐ or pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by plant pattern recognition receptors at the cell surface. The goal of this study was to develop a simple, robust assay to quantify the PTI response in maize and to determine whether it could be used to predict levels of disease resistance. Flg22, an epitope derived from bacterial flagellin, is a commonly studied MAMP. We developed a seedling growth retardation (SGR) assay by which we could measure growth retardation in maize seedlings exposed to the bacterial MAMP flg22. We observed variation across 21 maize inbred lines. We used 161 lines from a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the lines CML228 (a high responder) and B73 (a low responder) to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for this response. We found heritable variation in the RIL population and identified flg22 response QTL on chromosomes 1, 2, and 8. We did not observe strong correlations between SGR traits and levels of flg22-induced reactive oxygen production or with other disease resistance or defense response traits we had previously measured in the same population. We discuss the implications of these findings. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

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