Success rates of pediatric dental referrals made by public health dental hygiene practitioners

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Burgette ◽  
Yanelis Mestre ◽  
Brian Martin ◽  
Kristin N. Ray ◽  
Amy Stiles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dental Hygiene ◽  
Success Rates

scholarly journals What makes a ‘successful’ collaborative research project between public health practitioners and academics? A mixed-methods review of funding applications submitted to a local intervention evaluation scheme

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter van der Graaf ◽  
Lindsay Blank ◽  
Eleanor Holding ◽  
Elizabeth Goyder
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Evaluation Scheme ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

Abstract Background The national Public Health Practice Evaluation Scheme (PHPES) is a response-mode funded evaluation programme operated by the National Institute for Health Research School for Public Health Research (NIHR SPHR). The scheme enables public health professionals to work in partnership with SPHR researchers to conduct rigorous evaluations of their interventions. Our evaluation reviewed the learning from the first five years of PHPES (2013–2017) and how this was used to implement a revised scheme within the School. Methods We conducted a rapid review of applications and reports from 81 PHPES projects and sampled eight projects (including unfunded) to interview one researcher and one practitioner involved in each sampled project (n = 16) in order to identify factors that influence success of applications and effective delivery and dissemination of evaluations. Findings from the review and interviews were tested in an online survey with practitioners (applicants), researchers (principal investigators [PIs]) and PHPES panel members (n = 19) to explore the relative importance of these factors. Findings from the survey were synthesised and discussed for implications at a national workshop with wider stakeholders, including public members (n = 20). Results Strengths: PHPES provides much needed resources for evaluation which often are not available locally, and produces useful evidence to understand where a programme is not delivering, which can be used to formatively develop interventions. Weaknesses: Objectives of PHPES were too narrowly focused on (cost-)effectiveness of interventions, while practitioners also valued implementation studies and process evaluations. Opportunities: PHPES provided opportunities for novel/promising but less developed ideas. More funded time to develop a protocol and ensure feasibility of the intervention prior to application could increase intervention delivery success rates. Threats: There can be tensions between researchers and practitioners, for example, on the need to show the 'success’ of the intervention, on the use of existing research evidence, and the importance of generalisability of findings and of generating peer-reviewed publications. Conclusions The success of collaborative research projects between public health practitioners (PHP) and researchers can be improved by funders being mindful of tensions related to (1) the scope of collaborations, (2) local versus national impact, and (3) increasing inequalities in access to funding. Our study and comparisons with related funding schemes demonstrate how these tensions can be successfully resolved.

scholarly journals The Serological Cross-Detection of Bat-Borne Hantaviruses: A Valid Strategy or Taking Chances?

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1188
Author(s):  
Renata Carvalho de Oliveira ◽  
Jorlan Fernandes ◽  
Elba Regina de Sampaio Lemos ◽  
Fernando de Paiva Conte ◽  
Rodrigo Nunes Rodrigues-da-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Ab Initio Methods ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
B Cell Epitopes ◽  
Crystallographic Structures ◽  
A Minor

Bats are hosts of a range of viruses, and their great diversity and unique characteristics that distinguish them from all other mammals have been related to the maintenance, evolution, and dissemination of these pathogens. Recently, very divergent hantaviruses have been discovered in distinct species of bats worldwide, but their association with human disease remains unclear. Considering the low success rates of detecting hantavirus RNA in bat tissues and that to date no hantaviruses have been isolated from bat samples, immunodiagnostic tools could be very helpful to understand pathogenesis, epidemiology, and geographic range of bat-borne hantaviruses. In this sense, we aimed to identify in silico immunogenic B-cell epitopes present on bat-borne hantaviruses nucleoprotein (NP) and verify if they are conserved among them and other selected members of Mammantavirinae, using a combination of (the three most used) different prediction algorithms, ELLIPRO, Discotope 2.0, and PEPITO server. To support our data, we in silico modeled 3D structures of NPs from representative members of bat-borne hantaviruses, using comparative and ab initio methods due to the absence of crystallographic structures of studied proteins or similar models in the Protein Data Bank. Our analysis demonstrated the antigenic complexity of the bat-borne hantaviruses group, showing a low sequence conservation of epitopes among members of its own group and a minor conservation degree in comparison to Orthohantavirus, with a recognized importance to public health. Our data suggest that the use of recombinant rodent-borne hantavirus NPs to cross-detect antibodies against bat- or shrew-borne viruses could underestimate the real impact of this virus in nature.

Utilizing Public Health Clinics for Service-Learning Rotations in Dental Hygiene: A Four-Year Retrospective Study

2009 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta E. Aston-Brown ◽  
Bonnie Branson ◽  
Cynthia C. Gadbury-Amyot ◽  
Kimberly Krust Bray
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Service Learning ◽  
Dental Hygiene ◽  
Health Clinics ◽  
Public Health Clinics ◽  
Learning Rotations

scholarly journals Mapping priority neighborhoods: A novel approach to cluster identification in HIV/AIDS population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soushieta Jagadesh ◽  
Marine Combe ◽  
Pierre Couppié ◽  
Rodolphe Elie Gozlan ◽  
Mathieu Nacher
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Self Organizing Maps ◽  
Disadvantaged Neighborhoods ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Opportunistic Illness ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract BackgroundUrban disadvantaged neighborhoods have higher HIV risk behavior and higher levels of AIDS-related mortality. Studies demonstrate that interventions at the community level focusing on risk groups have increased success rates than individual patient-based based management in the context of HIV/AIDS. We tested a novel approach to identify population groups in need of greater public health efforts to achieve UNAIDS 90-90-90.MethodsWe extracted retrospective data on 2141 HIV/AIDS patients, recruited from 1997-2017 in the regional hospitals in French Guiana. Self-organizing maps were constructed and clusters were identified based on demographic and socioeconomic variables such as age, sex, CD4 counts at Nadir, type of neighborhood, unemployment rate, and presence of opportunistic illness such as Histoplasmosis and Hepatitis B in the sample population.ResultsNeighborhood unemployment rates were identified to have a large impact in the distribution of HIV/AIDS. Also, the risk of disseminated histoplasmosis, the most common AIDS-defining illness in French Guiana, was not associated to any particular neighborhood suggesting that urban socioeconomic features are not the primary drivers of exposure risk.ConclusionSocioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods remain hotspots for HIV/AIDS. We conclude that SOM is an effective tool in the identification of risk clusters that may guide public health efforts to optimize HIV prevention and testing in French Guiana and other developing countries.

scholarly journals Two heads are better than one: Australian tobacco control experts’ and mental health change champions’ consensus on addressing the problem of high smoking rates among people with mental illness

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Della Rowley ◽  
Sharon Lawn ◽  
John Coveney
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Government Services ◽  
People With Mental Illness

Objective The aims of the present study were to explore the beliefs of Australian experts in tobacco control and change champions working in mental health and tobacco cessation, and to identify measures for addressing the problem of high smoking rates for people with mental illness. Methods Qualitative interviews were undertaken to explore participants’ views, and the Delphi technique was used to achieve consensus on ways in which the problem would be best addressed. Results This consensus centred on the need for leadership within the mental health system. The problem was reconceptualised from being solely the responsibility of the mental health sector into an issue that requires the combined resources of a partnership and shared leadership between government and non-government services, public health leaders, policy makers and people with mental illness and their families. Conclusions Collaboration would raise the priority of the issue, reduce the debilitating effect of stigma and discrimination within the mental health sector and would place smoking reduction firmly on the political and public agenda. A recovery-orientated focus would increase the skill base and be inclusive of workers, families and carers of people with mental illness who face smoking issues on a daily basis. Reconceptualising this as an issue that would benefit from cooperation and partnerships would disrupt the notion that the problem is solely the responsibility of the mental health sector. What is known about the topic? Rates of smoking have remained high for people with mental illness despite population-wide public health strategies successfully reducing smoking rates in the general population. For people with mental illness, the benefits of quitting smoking for both their mental and physical health are overshadowed by concerns about the complexity of their needs. There is a lack of knowledge about how smoking cessation support can be improved to increase success rates in smokers with mental illness. What does this paper add? The present study is the first to bring a cross-sector lens of public health and mental health ‘experts’ together to discuss the reasons for the high rates of smoking among people with mental illness and to obtain their shared agreement on solutions. This Australian-specific study analyses participants’ responses to the problem representation and reveals what the issue is considered to be, where action should occur and how the problem should be resolved. What are the implications for practitioners? For the Australian context, there is a need for leadership and a consistent smoke-free message about the benefits of not smoking. Staff working in mental health require training in providing brief interventions, motivational interviewing and pharmacological support. Joining together as a partnership of government and non-government services, including public health leaders and policy makers, and involving people with mental illness and their families, would benefit all concerned.

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