scholarly journals Testing of life history traits of a soilborne pathogen in vitro: Do characteristics of oospores change according the strains of Aphanomyces euteiches and the host plant infected by the pathogen?

2019 ◽  
Vol 167 (6) ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
Estelle Billard ◽  
Anne Quillévéré‐Hamard ◽  
Clément Lavaud ◽  
Maire Laure Pilet‐Nayel ◽  
Christophe Le May
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Soilborne Pathogen

scholarly journals A novel experimental approach for studying life-history traits of phytophagous arthropods utilizing an artificial culture medium

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Karpicka-Ignatowska ◽  
Alicja Laska ◽  
Lechosław Kuczyński ◽  
Brian G. Rector ◽  
Mariusz Lewandowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Suitable Condition ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Artificial Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Artificial Culture Medium

AbstractExperimental approaches to studying life-history traits in minute herbivorous arthropods are hampered by the need to work with detached host plant material and the difficulty of maintaining that material in a suitable condition to support the animal throughout the duration of the test. In order to address this shortcoming, we developed a customizable agar-based medium modified from an established plant cell-culture medium to nourish detached leaves laid atop it while also preventing arthropods from escaping the experimental arena. The artificial culture medium was tested with two herbivorous mite species: the wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella; Eriophyidae) and two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae; Tetranychidae). The proposed approach was a major improvement over a standard protocol for prolonged studies of individual eriophyid mites and also provided some benefits for experiments with spider mites. Moreover, the described method can be easily modified according to the requirements of host plant species and applied to a wide range of microherbivore species. Such applications include investigations of life-history traits and other ecological and evolutionary questions, e.g. mating or competitive behaviours or interspecific interactions, assessing invasiveness potential and predicting possible outbreaks. The approach presented here should have a significant impact on the advancement of evolutionary and ecological research on microscopic herbivores.

scholarly journals Analysis of correlation structure in Lymantria dispar L. larvae from locally adapted populations

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-531
Author(s):  
Marija Mrdakovic ◽  
Vesna Peric-Mataruga ◽  
Larisa Ilijin ◽  
Milena Vlahovic ◽  
D. Mircic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Allelochemical Stress ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

The influence of allelochemical stress and population origin on the patterns of phenotypic and genetic correlations among life history traits and digestive enzyme activities were investigated in larvae of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.; Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Thirty-two full-sib families from oak (suitable host plant, Quercus population), and twenty-six full-sib families from locust-tree (unsuitable host plant, Robinia population) forests were reared on an artificial diet, with or without a 5% tannic acid supplement. Comparison of correlation matrices revealed significant similarity between the two populations in the structure of phenotypic and genetic correlations of life history traits and of digestive enzyme activities. The patterns of correlations of the examined traits, within each of the two locally adapted populations and in the presence of allelochemical stress, remained stabile despite the different selection pressures that mold these traits.

scholarly journals Effects of host plant on life‐history traits in the polyphagous spider mite Tetranychus urticae

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (15) ◽  
pp. 3151-3158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra Marinosci ◽  
Sara Magalhães ◽  
Emilie Macke ◽  
Maria Navajas ◽  
David Carbonell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Life History Traits

scholarly journals Multidimensional plasticity in the Glanville fritillary butterfly: larval performance is temperature, host and family specific

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1941) ◽  
pp. 20202577
Author(s):  
Nadja Verspagen ◽  
Suvi Ikonen ◽  
Marjo Saastamoinen ◽  
Erik van Bergen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Intraspecific Trait Variation ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Glanville Fritillary Butterfly

Variation in environmental conditions during development can lead to changes in life-history traits with long-lasting effects. Here, we study how variation in temperature and host plant (i.e. the consequences of potential maternal oviposition choices) affects a suite of life-history traits in pre-diapause larvae of the Glanville fritillary butterfly. We focus on offspring survival, larval growth rates and relative fat reserves, and pay specific attention to intraspecific variation in the responses (G × E × E). Globally, thermal performance and survival curves varied between diets of two host plants, suggesting that host modifies the temperature impact, or vice versa. Additionally, we show that the relative fat content has a host-dependent, discontinuous response to developmental temperature. This implies that a potential switch in resource allocation, from more investment in growth at lower temperatures to storage at higher temperatures, is dependent on the larval diet. Interestingly, a large proportion of the variance in larval performance is explained by differences among families, or interactions with this variable. Finally, we demonstrate that these family-specific responses to the host plant remain largely consistent across thermal environments. Together, the results of our study underscore the importance of paying attention to intraspecific trait variation in the field of evolutionary ecology.

scholarly journals Antagonist effects of the leek Allium porrum as a companion plant on aphid host plant colonization

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Baudry ◽  
Géraldine Doury ◽  
Aude Couty ◽  
Yvelise Fourdrain ◽  
Robin van Havermaet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
Hormetic Effect ◽  
Companion Plant

AbstractCombining a non-host plant (companion plant or CP) with a target cultivated plant is considered as a promising strategy to reduce pest pressure. Among the companion plants (CP) commonly used in integrated systems, those belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family (chives, garlic, onion, leek) exhibit characteristics related to certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with promising repellent potentialities. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential disruption of sweet pepper (host plant) colonization by the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) when exposed to leek (Allium porrum) as a CP. Retention/dispersion, EPG and clip-cage/Petri dish laboratory experiments were thus performed to study the effect of leek VOCs on aphid settlement/migration, feeding behavior and life history traits parameters, respectively. This work revealed that leek as a CP had a negative effect on aphid feeding behavior, by disturbing the balance between phloem and xylem sap ingestion, but had no influence concerning aphid settlement. Surprisingly, leek as a CP triggered some unexpected probiotic effects on certain life history traits such as aphid survival, biomass, and fecundity, suggesting a possible hormetic effect of leek VOCs on aphid physiology. The possibility of experience-induced preference of aphids for leek VOCs was also discussed.

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