Cytopathology of Tomato torrado virus Infection in Tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana

2012 ◽  
Vol 160 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 685-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Zielińska ◽  
Julia Byczyk ◽  
Natalia Rymelska ◽  
Natasza Borodynko ◽  
Henryk Pospieszny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Long Noncoding RNAs Involved in Chinese Wheat Mosaic Virus Infection of Nicotiana benthamiana

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Weiran Zheng ◽  
Haichao Hu ◽  
Qisen Lu ◽  
Peng Jin ◽  
Linna Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Chinese Wheat

Recent studies have shown that a large number of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate various biological processes in animals and plants. Although lncRNAs have been identified in many plants, they have not been reported in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. Particularly, the role of lncRNAs in plant virus infection remains unknown. In this study, we identified lncRNAs in N. benthamiana response to Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) infection by RNA sequencing. A total of 1175 lncRNAs, including 65 differentially expressed lncRNAs, were identified during CWMV infection. We then analyzed the functions of some of these differentially expressed lncRNAs. Interestingly, one differentially expressed lncRNA, XLOC_006393, was found to participate in CWMV infection as a precursor to microRNAs in N. benthamiana. These results suggest that lncRNAs play an important role in the regulatory network of N. benthamiana in response to CWMV infection.

scholarly journals Multiple cellular compartments engagement in Nicotiana benthamiana-peanut stunt virus-satRNA interactions revealed by systems biology approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Wrzesińska ◽  
Agnieszka Zmienko ◽  
Lam Dai Vu ◽  
Ive De Smet ◽  
Aleksandra Obrępalska-Stęplowska
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Satellite Rna ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Peanut Stunt Virus ◽  
Cellular Compartments

Abstract Key message PSV infection changed the abundance of host plant’s transcripts and proteins associated with various cellular compartments, including ribosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, the nucleus and cytosol, affecting photosynthesis, translation, transcription, and splicing. Abstract Virus infection is a process resulting in numerous molecular, cellular, and physiological changes, a wide range of which can be analyzed due to development of many high-throughput techniques. Plant RNA viruses are known to replicate in the cytoplasm; however, the roles of chloroplasts and other cellular structures in the viral replication cycle and in plant antiviral defense have been recently emphasized. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the small RNAs, transcripts, proteins, and phosphoproteins affected during peanut stunt virus strain P (PSV-P)–Nicotiana benthamiana interactions with or without satellite RNA (satRNA) in the context of their cellular localization or functional connections with particular cellular compartments to elucidate the compartments most affected during pathogenesis at the early stages of infection. Moreover, the processes associated with particular cell compartments were determined. The ‘omic’ results were subjected to comparative data analyses. Transcriptomic and small RNA (sRNA)–seq data were obtained to provide new insights into PSV-P–satRNA–plant interactions, whereas previously obtained proteomic and phosphoproteomic data were used to broaden the analysis to terms associated with cellular compartments affected by virus infection. Based on the collected results, infection with PSV-P contributed to changes in the abundance of transcripts and proteins associated with various cellular compartments, including ribosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, the nucleus and the cytosol, and the most affected processes were photosynthesis, translation, transcription, and mRNA splicing. Furthermore, sRNA-seq and phosphoproteomic analyses indicated that kinase regulation resulted in decreases in phosphorylation levels. The kinases were associated with the membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus components.

scholarly journals Tracking the potyviral P1 protein in Nicotiana benthamiana plants during plum pox virus infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (04) ◽  
pp. 492-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. VOZÁROVÁ ◽  
M. GLASA ◽  
Z. W. ŠUBR
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Plum Pox Virus

Nicotiana benthamiana Argonaute10 plays a pro‐viral role in Bamboo mosaic virus infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. 804-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wen Huang ◽  
Chung Chi Hu ◽  
Ching Hsiu Tsai ◽  
Na Sheng Lin ◽  
Yau Heiu Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Mosaic Virus Infection

scholarly journals Effects of the noncoding subgenomic RNA of red clover necrotic mosaic virus in virus infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pulkit Kanodia ◽  
W. Allen Miller
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Host Interactions

In recent years, a new class of viral noncoding subgenomic (ncsg)RNA has been identified. This RNA is generated as a stable degradation product via an exoribonuclease-resistant (xr) RNA structure, which blocks the progression of 5’→3’ exoribonuclease on viral RNAs in infected cells. Here, we assess the effects of the ncsgRNA of red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV), called SR1f, in infected plants. We demonstrate: (i) absence of SR1f reduces symptoms and decreases viral RNA accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana plants; (ii) SR1f has an essential function other than suppression of RNA silencing; and (iii) the cytoplasmic exoribonuclease involved in mRNA turnover, XRN4, is not required for SR1f production or virus infection. A comparative transcriptomic analysis in N. benthamiana infected with wildtype RCNMV or an SR1f-deficient mutant RCNMV revealed that wt RCNMV infection, which produces SR1f and much higher levels of virus, has a greater and more significant impact on cellular gene expression than the SR1f-deficient mutant. Upregulated pathways include plant hormone signaling, plant-pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling, and several metabolic pathways, while photosynthesis-related genes were downregulated. We compare this to host genes known to participate in infection by other tombusvirids. Viral reads revealed a 10 to 100-fold ratio of positive to negative strand, and the abundance of reads of both strands mapping to the 3’ region of RCNMV RNA1 support the premature mechanism of synthesis for the coding sgRNA. These results provide a framework for future studies of the interactions and functions of noncoding RNAs of plant viruses. IMPORTANCE Knowledge of how RNA viruses manipulate host and viral gene expression is crucial to our understanding of infection and disease. Unlike viral protein-host interactions, little is known about the control of gene expression by viral RNA. Here we begin to address this question by investigating the noncoding subgenomic (ncsg)RNA of red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV), called SR1f. Similar exoribonuclease-resistant RNAs of flaviviruses are well-studied, but the roles of plant viral ncsgRNAs, and how they arise, are poorly understood. Surprisingly, we find the likely exonuclease candidate, XRN4, is not required to generate SR1f, and we assess the effects of SR1f on virus accumulation and symptom development. Finally, we compare the effects of infection by wildtype RCNMV vs an SR1f-deficient mutant on host gene expression in Nicotiana benthamiana , which reveals that ncsgRNAs such as SR1f are key players in virus-host interactions to facilitate productive infection.

scholarly journals The Lipid Transfer Protein 1 from Nicotiana benthamiana Assists Bamboo mosaic virus Accumulation

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1361
Author(s):  
Ling-Ying Chiu ◽  
I-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Yau-Heiu Hsu ◽  
Ching-Hsiu Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Lipid Transfer Protein ◽  
Lipid Binding ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Calmodulin Binding ◽  
Transfer Protein

Host factors play a pivotal role in regulating virus infection. Uncovering the mechanism of how host factors are involved in virus infection could pave the way to defeat viral disease. In this study, we characterized a lipid transfer protein, designated NbLTP1 in Nicotiana benthamiana, which was downregulated after Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) inoculation. BaMV accumulation significantly decreased in NbLTP1-knockdown leaves and protoplasts compared with the controls. The subcellular localization of the NbLTP1-orange fluorescent protein (OFP) was mainly the extracellular matrix. However, when we removed the signal peptide (NbLTP1/ΔSP-OFP), most of the expressed protein targeted chloroplasts. Both NbLTP1-OFP and NbLTP1/ΔSP-OFP were localized in chloroplasts when we removed the cell wall. These results suggest that NbLTP1 may have a secondary targeting signal. Transient overexpression of NbLTP1 had no effect on BaMV accumulation, but that of NbLTP1/ΔSP significantly increased BaMV expression. NbLTP1 may be a positive regulator of BaMV accumulation especially when its expression is associated with chloroplasts, where BaMV replicates. The mutation was introduced to the predicted phosphorylation site to simulate the phosphorylated status, NbLTP/ΔSP/P(+), which could still assist BaMV accumulation. By contrast, a mutant lacking calmodulin-binding or simulates the phosphorylation-negative status could not support BaMV accumulation. The lipid-binding activity of LTP1 was reported to be associated with calmodulin-binding and phosphorylation, by which the C-terminus functional domain of NbLTP1 may play a critical role in BaMV accumulation.

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