scholarly journals Diffusion and adoption of advanced emission abatement technology induced by permit trading

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1313-1337
Author(s):  
Alfred Endres ◽  
Tim Friehe ◽  
Bianca Rundshagen
Keyword(s):  
Permit Trading ◽  
Emission Abatement ◽  
Abatement Technology ◽  
Emission Abatement Technology

scholarly journals Emission Abatement Technology Selection, Routing and Speed Optimization of Hybrid Ships

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 944
Author(s):  
Antti Ritari ◽  
Kirsi Spoof-Tuomi ◽  
Janne Huotari ◽  
Seppo Niemi ◽  
Kari Tammi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Technology Selection ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Emission Abatement ◽  
Abatement Technology ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Zero Emission ◽  
Emission Abatement Technology

This paper evaluates the effect of a large-capacity electrical energy storage, e.g., Li-ion battery, on optimal sailing routes, speeds, fuel choice, and emission abatement technology selection. Despite rapid cost reduction and performance improvement, current Li-ion chemistries are infeasible for providing the total energy demand for ocean-crossing ships because the energy density is up to two orders of magnitude less than in liquid hydrocarbon fuels. However, limited distance zero-emission port arrival, mooring, and port departure are attainable. In this context, we formulate two groups of numerical problems. First, the well-known Emission Control Area (ECA) routing problem is extended with battery-powered zero-emission legs. ECAs have incentivized ship operators to choose longer distance routes to avoid using expensive low sulfur fuel required for compliance, resulting in increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The second problem evaluates the trade-off between battery capacity and speed on battery-powered zero-emission port arrival and departure legs. We develop a mixed-integer quadratically constrained program to investigate the least cost system configuration and operation. We find that the optimal speed is up to 50% slower on battery-powered legs compared to the baseline without zero-emission constraint. The slower speed on the zero-emission legs is compensated by higher speed throughout the rest of the voyage, which may increase the total amount of GHG emissions.

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