scholarly journals Growth of Extremely Preterm Infants Within 3 Years of Birth (A Study from the Japanese National Database on Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants)

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 114-114
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
National Database ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Extremely Preterm ◽  
Extremely Preterm Infants

Higher Incidence Rates of Hypothyroidism and Late TSH Rise in Preterm Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants at a Tertiary Care Center

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala Tfayli ◽  
Lama Charafeddine ◽  
Hani Tamim ◽  
Joanne Saade ◽  
Rose T. Daher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Newborn Screening ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Tertiary Care Center ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants

Background/Aims: Preterm newborns with a very low birth weight (VLBW) of < 1,500 g have an atypical form of hypothyroidism with a delayed rise in TSH, necessitating a second newborn screening specimen collection. The aims of this study were to survey the compliance with second newborn screening to detect delayed TSH rise in VLBW preterm infants at a tertiary care center, and to determine the rate of atypical hypothyroidism. Methods: Retrospective review of the records of 104 preterm VLBW infants. Late TSH rise was defined as an increase in TSH concentration after 14 days of age in the presence of a normal initial screen. Results: The compliance rate was 92% for the second screening. High rates of hypothyroidism (16.3%) and of late TSH rise (4.8%) were detected. Patients with hypothyroidism had a significantly lower birth weight (p = 0.01) and longer hospital stay (p = 0.004). Patients with late versus those with early TSH rise had a significantly lower mean birth weight (851 ± 302 vs. 1,191 ± 121 g, p = 0.004). Conclusion: The rates of early and late TSH rise in this VLBW population were higher than those in the literature and could be due to the use of povidone-iodine disinfectants. The yield of a second TSH screening in this study was high indicating the need for vigilance in screening VLBW preterm infants.

scholarly journals Preventive use of Calcitriol versus cholecalciferol on biochemical markers of Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD) in very low birth weight infants: a pilot randomized clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad bagher Hosseini ◽  
Nafiseh Hosseini ◽  
Taher Entezari-Maleki ◽  
Zakieh Salimi
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Metabolic Bone Disease ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

About 55% of extremely-low-birth-weight (birth weight < 1000 g) and 23% of very-low-birth-weight infants (birth weight < 1500 g) suffer from metabolic bone disease (MBD). There are limited data on the use of calcitriol (1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) to prevent or treat MBD in preterm infants. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the preventive effect of calcitriol and cholecalciferol on the biochemical markers of MBD in preterm infants. This study was a pilot randomized controlled trial conducted in the Alzahra teaching hospital of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. we randomized 72 very-low-birth-weight infants in two groups of calcitriol 0.25 µg/day and cholecalciferol 400 IU/day. Biochemical markers, including serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), Parathyroid hormone (PTH), and tubular reabsorption of phosphate (TRP) levels were checked at baseline, three, and five weeks after medication, consecutively. After three weeks of supplementation, infants in the cholecalciferol group had higher levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (P=0.001) and lower levels of urine phosphate (P=0.009); There were no significant differences in other biochemical markers. At the end of the fifth week, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of biochemical markers. Conclusion: The study indicated that the use of cholecalciferol caused a lower urinary loss of phosphate in very-low-birth-weight infants at a short time; however, these findings were not sustained during the study period.

scholarly journals Effect of targeted vs standard fortification of breast milk on growth and development of preterm infants (≤ 32 weeks): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Seliga-Siwecka ◽  
Anna Chmielewska ◽  
Katarzyna Jasińska
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Link Type

Abstract Background Human milk is recommended for all very low birth weight infants. Breastmilk is highly variable in nutrient content, failing to meet the nutritional demands of this group. Fortification of human milk is recommended to prevent extrauterine growth retardation and associated poor neurodevelopmental outcome. However, standard fortification with fixed dose multicomponent fortifier does not account for the variability in milk composition. Targeted fortification is a promising alternative and needs further investigation. Methods This randomized controlled trial will recruit preterm infants (≤ 32 weeks of gestation) within the first 7 days of life. After reaching 80 ml/kg/day of enteral feeding, patients will be randomized to receive standard fortification (HMF, Nutricia) or targeted fortification (modular components: Bebilon Bialka, Nutricia—protein; Polycal, Nutricia—carbohydrates; Calogen, Nutricia—lipids). The intervention will continue until 37 weeks of post-conception age or hospital discharge. Parents and outcome assessors will be blinded to the intervention. The primary outcome measure is velocity of weight, length, and head growth until 36 weeks post-conceptional age or discharge. Secondary outcomes include neurodevelopment at 12 months assessed with Bayley Scale of Development III, repeated at 36 months; body composition at discharge and at 4 months; and incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, retinopathy of prematurity, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Discussion Targeted fortification has previously been shown as doable in the neonatal intensive care unit context. If it shows to improve growth and neonatal outcome, choosing the targeted fortification as a first line nutritional approach in very low birth weight infants may become a recommendation. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT03775785, Registered on July 2019.

Developmental Outcome of Very Low Birth Weight Infants with Intraventricular Hemorrhage

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 894-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna J. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Ventricular Dilatation ◽  
Developmental Outcome ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants

Analyses of data from 20 infants confirmed that ventricular dilatation in VLBW preterm infants carries poor prognosis for development, but not IVH alone.

Short-term outcome of very low-birth-weight infants in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia over a decade

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
F. Al Hazzani ◽  
S. Al-Alaiyan ◽  
A. Kattan ◽  
A. Binmanee ◽  
M.B. Jabr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants

BACKGROUND: Knowledge on short-term outcomes of preterm infants is important for quality control. Our objective was to analyze the outcomes of very low birth weight infants admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit over a ten years’ period and to compare the results with internationally published data. METHODS: We analyzed the outcome measures for all live born infants with birth weight (BW) of 400–1500 grams and gestational age (GA) of 23–32 weeks born at King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre between 2006 and 2015. Results were compared to data from three international neonatal networks. RESULTS: During the study period, we admitted 528 infants born at a gestational age of≥23 and≤32 weeks with a very low birth weight (VLBW) of 400–1500 grams. Mean (SD) GA was 28 (2.4) weeks and mean (SD) BW was 1007 (290) grams. A hundred and twenty-nine (24.4%) infants were small for gestational age and major congenital anomalies were present in 56 (10.6 %) infants. The rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was 24.4 %, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) 9.1%, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) 29.9%, severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)10.8 %, periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) 5.7%, severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) 8%, and late-onset sepsis was 18.8%. The incidences of major neonatal outcomes such as CLD, NEC, severe IVH and severe ROP were comparable to the international cohorts. CONCLUSION: In our population of preterm infants, survival rates and complications of prematurity were comparable to international data.

scholarly journals Is preterm donor milk better than preterm formula for very-low-birth-weight infants?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyu Fang ◽  
Meili Zhang ◽  
Lianqiang Wu ◽  
Ruiquan Wang ◽  
Bangbang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Feeding Intolerance ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Severe Morbidity ◽  
Preterm Formula ◽  
Feeding Tolerance

Background: Preterm human milk has advantages over preterm formula (PF), but it may compromise some functions after pasteurization. Objective: To explore the effects of preterm donor milk (DM) on growth, feeding tolerance, and severe morbidity in very-low-birth-weight infants. Method: This was a single-center, prospective cohort study that included 304 preterm infants weighing <1,500 g or of gestational age <32 weeks. If the mother’s own milk was insufficient, the parents decided to use PF (n = 155) or DM (n = 149). The two groups were uniformly managed according to the standard NICU protocol. Growth parameters, feeding tolerance, and severe morbidity such as necrotizing enterocolitis, were compared between the two groups. Results: The daily weight gain and weekly head growth in the DM group were not different from those in the PF group (P > 0.05). Feeding intolerance in the DM group was significantly lower than that in PF group (P < 0.05), and parenteral nutrition time and hospitalization time were also shorter than that in the PF group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis was also significantly lower in the DM group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The study indicated that preterm DM does not affect the growth of very-low-birth-weight infants. Further, it significantly reduces feeding intolerance, helps achieve full enteral feeding early, and has protective effects against necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis. Thus, compared with formula, preterm DM can lower the rate of infection in preterm infants and is worthy of promotion.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Bifidobacterium Species in Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very-Low Birth Weight Infants. A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige C. Hagen ◽  
Jessica W. Skelley
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Vlbw Infants ◽  
Bifidobacterium Species ◽  
Central Registry

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common and serious gastrointestinal diseases in preterm infants. The aim of this systematic review examines the effects of probiotics on preventing NEC in very-low birth weight (VLBW) infants with a focus on the Bifidobacterium species and its strains. A systematic review of randomized trials and retrospective studies analyzing the use of probiotics to prevent NEC in VLBW infants was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar (1996–2016). Trials reporting NEC involving preterm infants who were given Bifidobacterium alone in the first month of life were included in the systematic review. Nine studies were suitable for inclusion. Nine studies involving VLBW infants were analyzed for strain specific effects of Bifidobacterium for the prevention of NEC ≥ Stage II. B breve showed some benefit in infants &lt; 34 weeks GA with relative risk (RR) of 0.43 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.21–0.87) p = 0.019, but not in neonates &lt; 28 weeks. B lactis greatly reduced the incidence of NEC with a RR 0.11 (95% CI: 0.03–0.47), p = &lt; 0.001. B bifidum was not widely studied but resulted in no cases of NEC. Bifidobacterium proved to be statistically significant in reducing the incidence of NEC in preterm infants.

scholarly journals Targeted Breast Milk Fortification for Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Infants: Nutritional Intake, Growth Outcome and Body Composition

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumesh Parat ◽  
Praneeta Raza ◽  
May Kamleh ◽  
Dennis Super ◽  
Sharon Groh-Wargo
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants

Despite improvements in nutritional management, preterm infants continue to face high rates of postnatal growth restriction. Because variability in breast milk composition may result in protein and energy deficits, targeted fortification has been advocated. We conducted an interventional study to compare body composition and growth outcomes of very low birth weight infants fed targeted protein-fortified human milk (HM) with those fed standard fortified HM. If mother’s own milk was not available, donor milk was used. Weekly analysis of HM with mid-infrared spectroscopy was conducted and additional protein was added to the fortified HM to ensure a protein intake of 4 g/kg/day. Weekly anthropometric measurements were done. Prior to discharge or at 37 weeks, corrected age skinfold thickness (SFT) measurements as well as body composition measurement using air displacement plethysmography were done. Among 36 preterm infants enrolled, those in the targeted group (n = 17) received more protein and had a larger flank SFT at study end than those in the standard group (n = 19). A pilot post-hoc analysis of subjects having at least 30 intervention days showed a 3% higher fat-free mass in the targeted group. Use of a targeted fortification strategy resulted in a higher protein intake and fat-free mass among those receiving longer intervention.

Suprapubic Aspiration of Urine in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-459
Author(s):  
BRIAN M. BARKEMEYER
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Term Infants

The incidence of urinary tract infection in the neonatal period is higher in preterm than in term infants.1 These are typically late-onset infections occurring after 72 hours of age.2 Because the signs of urinary tract infection in neonates are nonspecific, a safe and effective way of sampling urine for culture such as suprapubic aspiration is essential. Although previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of this procedure in term and preterm infants, the preterm infants studied previously were undoubtedly larger than those very low birth weight infants cared for in today's neonatal intensive care units, inasmuch as survival rates for these small infants have increased.1,3

scholarly journals Energy Expenditure, Protein Oxidation and Body Composition in a Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3962
Author(s):  
Michela Perrone ◽  
Camilla Menis ◽  
Pasqua Piemontese ◽  
Chiara Tabasso ◽  
Domenica Mallardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants

The nutritional management of preterm infants is a critical point of care, especially because of the increased risk of developing extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR), which is associated with worsened health outcomes. Energy requirements in preterm infants are simply estimated, so the measurement of resting energy expenditure (REE) should be a key point in the nutritional evaluation of preterm infants. Although predictive formulae are available, it is well known that they are imprecise. The aim of our study was the evaluation of REE and protein oxidation (Ox) in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) and the association with the mode of feeding and with body composition at term corrected age. Methods: Indirect calorimetry and body composition were performed at term corrected age in stable very low birth weight infants. Urinary nitrogen was measured in spot urine samples to calculate Ox. Infants were categorized as prevalent human milk (HMF) or prevalent formula diet (PFF). Results: Fifty VLBWI (HMF: 23, PFF: 27) were evaluated at 36.48 ± 0.85 post-conceptional weeks. No significant differences were found in basic characteristics or nutritional intake in the groups at birth and at the assessment. No differences were found in the REE of HMF vs. PFF (59.69 ± 9.8 kcal/kg/day vs. 59.27 ± 13.15 kcal/kg/day, respectively). We found statistical differences in the protein-Ox of HMF vs. PFF (1.7 ± 0.92 g/kg/day vs. 2.8 ± 1.65 g/kg/day, respectively, p < 0.01), and HMF infants had a higher fat-free mass (kg) than PFF infants (2.05 ± 0.26 kg vs. 1.82 ± 0.35 kg, respectively, p < 0.01), measured with air displacement plethysmography. Conclusion: REE is similar in infants with a prevalent human milk diet and in infants fed with formula. The HMF infants showed a lower oxidation rate of proteins for energy purposes and a better quality of growth. A greater amount of protein in HMF is probably used for anabolism and fat-free mass deposition. Further studies are needed to confirm our hypothesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document