scholarly journals Role of stress in low birthweight disparities between Black and White women: A population-based study

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-449
Author(s):  
Shondra Loggins Clay ◽  
Flavia Cristina Drumond Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Low Birthweight ◽  
White Women ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Black And White

Willingness to cooperate with police: A population-based study of Australian young adult illicit stimulant users

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M Leslie ◽  
Adrian Cherney ◽  
Andrew Smirnov ◽  
Helene Wells ◽  
Robert Kemp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Police Legitimacy ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
Willingness To Cooperate

While procedural justice has been highlighted as a key strategy for promoting cooperation with police, little is known about this model’s applicability to subgroups engaged in illegal behaviour, such as illicit drug users. This study compares willingness to cooperate with police and belief in police legitimacy, procedural justice and law legitimacy among a population-based sample of Australian young adult amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS; i.e. ecstasy and methamphetamine) users and non-users. We then examine predictors of willingness to cooperate among ATS users. ATS users were significantly less willing to cooperate with police and had significantly lower perceptions of police legitimacy, procedural justice and law legitimacy, compared to non-users. However, belief in police legitimacy independently predicted willingness to cooperate among ATS users. We set out to discuss the implications of these findings for policing, including the role of procedural justice in helping police deliver harm reduction strategies.

P-646 Pregnancy outcomes in women with panhypopituitarism - A population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Feferkorn ◽  
A Badeghiesh ◽  
H Baghlaf ◽  
M Dahan
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Post Partum Hemorrhage

Abstract Study question What are the consequences of panhypopituitarism on pregnancy outcomes? Summary answer After controlling for confounding effects, women with panhypopituitarism have a higher prevalence of adverse obstetrical (including post-partum hemorrhage, hysterectomy and maternal death) and neonatal outcomes. What is known already Panhypopituitarism is a condition of inadequate or absent anterior pituitary hormone production. Pregnancy in women with panhypopituitarism is uncommon and there is only limited data (mainly case reports) regarding pregnancy outcomes in these women. Given the scarcity of data we sought to assess the association between panhypopituitarism and obstetrical and neonatal outcomes. Study design, size, duration A retrospective population-based study utilizing data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project—Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS). A dataset of all deliveries between 2004 and 2014 inclusively, was created. Within this group, all deliveries to women who had a diagnosis of panhypopituitarism during pregnancy were identified as part of the study group (n = 179), and the remaining deliveries comprised the reference group (n = 9,096,609). Participants/materials, setting, methods The HCUP-NIS is the largest inpatient sample database in the USA, and it is comprised of hospitalizations throughout the country. It provides information relating to 20% of US admissions and represents over 96% of the American population. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, controlling for confounding effects, was conducted to explore associations between panhypopituitarism and delivery and neonatal outcomes. According to Tri-Council Policy statement (2018), IRB approval was not required, given data was anonymous and publicly available. Main results and the role of chance Women with a diagnosis of panhypopituitarism were more likely to be older, to have a diagnosis of chronic hypertension, to have a diagnosis of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus and to be carrying twins or a higher order pregnancy (all p < 0.0001), than the controls. A significantly higher risk of post-partum hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio-aOR:3.52; 95%CI:2.18–5.69,p < 0.0001), maternal infection (aOR:3.97; 95%CI:2.30–6.85,p < 0.0001), pulmonary embolism (aOR:14.90; 95%CI:2.06–107.82,p < 0.007), disseminated intravascular coagulation (aOR:20.29; 95%CI:10.60–38.85,p < 0.0001), maternal death (aOR:31.90; 95%CI:3.33–234.85,p = 0.001) and congenital anomalies (aOR:4.55; 95CI:1.86–11.16,p = 0.001), were found among the panhypopituitarism patients. Surprisingly, there was a lower incidence of caesarean delivery (aOR:0.69; 95%CI:0.50–0.96,p = 0.026) in the panhypopituitarism patients than the controls. No significant difference was found in the rate of pregnancy induced hypertension (95%CI:0.78-1.97), gestational hypertension (95%CI:0.14-1.41), preeclampsia (95%CI:0.96-2.99), gestational diabetes (95%CI:0.30-1.01), preterm delivery (95%CI:0.74-1.91), preterm premature rupture of membranes (95%CI:0.17-2.82), operative vaginal delivery (95%CI: 0.23-1.19), small for gestational age neonates (95%CI:0.27-2.02) or intra-uterine fetal demise (95%CI:0.13-6.71). Limitations, reasons for caution The limitations of our study are its retrospective nature and the fact that it relies on an administrative database. The severity of specific hormonal deficiencies and the presence and magnitude of posterior pituitary hormone deficiencies could not be assessed, nor could compliance with hormone replacement. Wider implications of the findings Until now, no control studies of outcomes with panhypopituitaryism in pregnancy are available in the medical literature. Physicians should be aware of and try to prevent the above possible maternal and fetal complications related to this endocrinopathy. Future studies should evaluate the role of medication compliance with pregnancy outcomes. Trial registration number not applicable

P–646 Pregnancy outcomes in women with panhypopituitarism - A population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Feferkorn ◽  
A Badeghiesh ◽  
H Baghlaf ◽  
M Dahan
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Post Partum Hemorrhage

Abstract Study question What are the consequences of panhypopituitarism on pregnancy outcomes? Summary answer After controlling for confounding effects, women with panhypopituitarism have a higher prevalence of adverse obstetrical (including post-partum hemorrhage, hysterectomy and maternal death) and neonatal outcomes. What is known already Panhypopituitarism is a condition of inadequate or absent anterior pituitary hormone production. Pregnancy in women with panhypopituitarism is uncommon and there is only limited data (mainly case reports) regarding pregnancy outcomes in these women. Given the scarcity of data we sought to assess the association between panhypopituitarism and obstetrical and neonatal outcomes. Study design, size, duration A retrospective population-based study utilizing data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project—Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS). A dataset of all deliveries between 2004 and 2014 inclusively, was created. Within this group, all deliveries to women who had a diagnosis of panhypopituitarism during pregnancy were identified as part of the study group (n = 179), and the remaining deliveries comprised the reference group (n = 9,096,609). Participants/materials, setting, methods The HCUP-NIS is the largest inpatient sample database in the USA, and it is comprised of hospitalizations throughout the country. It provides information relating to 20% of US admissions and represents over 96% of the American population. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, controlling for confounding effects, was conducted to explore associations between panhypopituitarism and delivery and neonatal outcomes. According to Tri-Council Policy statement (2018), IRB approval was not required, given data was anonymous and publicly available. Main results and the role of chance Women with a diagnosis of panhypopituitarism were more likely to be older, to have a diagnosis of chronic hypertension, to have a diagnosis of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus and to be carrying twins or a higher order pregnancy (all p < 0.0001), than the controls. A significantly higher risk of post-partum hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio-aOR:3.52; 95%CI:2.18–5.69,p<0.0001), maternal infection (aOR:3.97; 95%CI:2.30–6.85,p<0.0001), pulmonary embolism (aOR:14.90; 95%CI:2.06–107.82,p<0.007), disseminated intravascular coagulation (aOR:20.29; 95%CI:10.60–38.85,p< 0.0001), maternal death (aOR:31.90; 95%CI:3.33–234.85,p=0.001) and congenital anomalies (aOR:4.55; 95CI:1.86–11.16,p=0.001), were found among the panhypopituitarism patients. Surprisingly, there was a lower incidence of caesarean delivery (aOR:0.69; 95%CI:0.50–0.96,p=0.026) in the panhypopituitarism patients than the controls. No significant difference was found in the rate of pregnancy induced hypertension (95%CI:0.78–1.97), gestational hypertension (95%CI:0.14–1.41), preeclampsia (95%CI:0.96–2.99), gestational diabetes (95%CI:0.30–1.01), preterm delivery (95%CI:0.74–1.91), preterm premature rupture of membranes (95%CI:0.17–2.82), operative vaginal delivery (95%CI:0.23–1.19), small for gestational age neonates (95%CI:0.27–2.02) or intra-uterine fetal demise (95%CI:0.13–6.71). Limitations, reasons for caution The limitations of our study are its retrospective nature and the fact that it relies on an administrative database. The severity of specific hormonal deficiencies and the presence and magnitude of posterior pituitary hormone deficiencies could not be assessed, nor could compliance with hormone replacement. Wider implications of the findings: Until now, no control studies of outcomes with panhypopituitaryism in pregnancy are available in the medical literature. Physicians should be aware of and try to prevent the above possible maternal and fetal complications related to this endocrinopathy. Future studies should evaluate the role of medication compliance with pregnancy outcomes. Trial registration number Not applicable

756: Compared mortality and morbidity of preterm low birthweight infants born between 1995-2010: a population based study

2013 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. S317-S318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorina Grisaru-Granovsky ◽  
Brian Reichman ◽  
Valentina Boyko ◽  
Arnon Samueloff ◽  
Michael Schimmel
Keyword(s):  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

The role of sex in the outcomes of patients with biliary tract cancers remains unclear: A population-based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 216 (6) ◽  
pp. 1118-1121
Author(s):  
Madeline Lemke ◽  
Yvonne DeWit ◽  
Sulaiman Nanji ◽  
Christopher M. Booth ◽  
Jennifer A. Flemming
Keyword(s):  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Biliary Tract Cancers

scholarly journals Maternal reproductive history: trends and inequalities in four population-based birth cohorts in Pelotas, Brazil, 1982–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i16-i25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
Cesar G Victora ◽  
Mariangela F Silveira ◽  
Fernando C Wehrmeister ◽  
Bernardo L Horta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Birthweight ◽  
White Women ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Reproductive History ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Birth Intervals ◽  
Ethnic Inequalities ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Brazil experienced important progress in maternal and child health in recent decades. We aimed at describing secular trends as well as socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in reproductive history indicators (birth spacing, previous adverse perinatal outcome, parity and multiple births) over a 33-year span. Methods Four population-based birth cohort studies included all hospital births in 1982, 1993, 2004 and 2015 in Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Information on reproductive history was collected through interviews. Indicators were stratified by family income quintiles and skin colour. Absolute and relative measures of inequality were calculated. Results From 1982 to 2015, the proportion of primiparae increased from 39.2% to 49.6%, and median birth interval increased by 23.2 months. Poor women were more likely to report short intervals and higher parity, although reductions were observed in all income and ethnic groups. History of previous low birthweight was inversely related to income and increased by 7.7% points (pp) over time—more rapidly in the richest (12.1 pp) than in the poorest quintile (0.4 pp). Multiple births increased from 1.7% to 2.7%, with the highest increase observed among the richest quintile and for white women (220% and 70% increase, respectively). Absolute and relative income and ethnic-related inequalities for short birth intervals increased, whereas inequalities for previous low birthweight decreased over time. Conclusions In this 33-year period there were increases in birth intervals, multiple births and reports of previous low-birthweight infants. These trends may be explained by increased family planning coverage, assisted reproduction and a rise in preterm births, respectively. Our results show that socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in health are dynamic and vary over time, within the same location.

scholarly journals Chronic Viral Hepatitis Signifies the Association of Premixed Insulin Analogues with Liver Cancer Risks: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Hsieh Chiang ◽  
Chia-Sheng Kuo ◽  
Wan-Wan Lin ◽  
Jun-Han Su ◽  
Jin-De Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Insulin Analogues ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Premixed Insulin ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Nested Case Control

This study sought to determine whether chronic hepatitis B or C would modify the association between insulin analogues and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risks. We conducted a nationwide nested case-control study for HCC cases and matched controls from 2003 to 2013 among newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients on any antidiabetic agents in Taiwan before and after exclusion of chronic viral hepatitis, respectively. A total of 5832 and 1237 HCC cases were identified before and after exclusion of chronic viral hepatitis, respectively. Incident HCC risks were positively associated with any use of premixed insulin analogues (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.27; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.55) among total participants, especially among current users (adjusted OR, 1.45; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.89). However, the association between HCC occurrence and premixed insulin analogues diminished among participants without chronic viral hepatitis (adjusted OR, 1.35; 95% CI 0.92 to 1.98). We also observed a significant multiplicative interaction between chronic viral hepatitis and premixed insulin analogues on HCC risks (P = 0.010). Conclusions: Chronic viral hepatitis signifies the role of premixed insulin analogues in HCC oncogenesis. We recommend a closer liver surveillance among patients prescribed premixed insulin analogues with concomitant chronic viral hepatitis.

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