Sample context effect in acceptability rating of beverages: Are hedonic ratings absolute in evaluative sets with outlier samples?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Albiol Tapia ◽  
Hwa‐Young Baik ◽  
Soo‐Yeun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Context Effect ◽  
Acceptability Rating

Comparative Context and Relevant Group Membership: Attitudes on Gender Inequality within the Context of Contrasting Leaders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayoub Bouguettaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Context Effect ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Relevant Group ◽  
Leader Perceptions ◽  
Main Effects

In this paper, the interaction between relevant group membership (i.e. gender) and context on leader perceptions was analysed within the paradigm of social identity theory. It was hypothesised that sharing group membership with a leader would result in to more positive ratings of a leader, while context would change how leaders were viewed depending on how much they embodied group values in relation to other leaders. The issue of contention to be contrasted between leaders was gender inequality. This context effect pattern was predicted to be different for males than females; males were believed to rate a leader more positively when the leader expressed a contextually more dismissive view, while females were predicted to rate a leader better when the leader expressed a contextually more proactive view. The hypotheses about the main effects of gender and context were supported; however, the results for the interaction were mixed in support. Gender and context did significantly interact, but it was not always in the directions predicted. Further research into this interaction is needed.

scholarly journals Active and inactive transplacement of the M26 recombination hotspot in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
J B Virgin ◽  
J Metzger ◽  
G R Smith
Keyword(s):  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Context Effect ◽  
Intragenic Recombination ◽  
Multicopy Plasmid ◽  
Chromosomal Locus ◽  
Sequence Element ◽  
Recombination Hotspot ◽  
Recombination Hotspots

Abstract The ade6-M26 mutation of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe creates a meiotic recombination hotspot that elevates ade6 intragenic recombination approximately 10-15-fold. A heptanucleotide sequence including the M26 point mutation is required but not sufficient for hotspot activity. We studied the effects of plasmid and chromosomal context on M26 hotspot activity. The M26 hotspot was inactive on a multicopy plasmid containing M26 embedded within 3.0 or 5.9 kb of ade6 DNA. Random S. pombe genomic fragments totaling approximately 7 Mb did not activate the M26 hotspot on a plasmid. M26 hotspot activity was maintained when 3.0-, 4.4-, and 5.9-kb ade6-M26 DNA fragments, with various amounts of non-S. pombe plasmid DNA, were integrated at the ura4 chromosomal locus, but only in certain configurations relative to the ura4 gene and the cointegrated plasmid DNA. Several integrations created new M26-independent recombination hotspots. In all cases the non-ade6 DNA was located > 1 kb from the M26 site, and in some cases > 2 kb. Because the chromosomal context effect was transmitted over large distances, and did not appear to be mediated by a single discrete DNA sequence element, we infer that the local chromatin structure has a pronounced effect on M26 hotspot activity.

scholarly journals Selection of aminoacyl-tRNAs at sense codons: the size of the tRNA variable loop determines whether the immediate 3′ nucleotide to the codon has a context effect

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (20) ◽  
pp. 4104-4108 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Curran ◽  
Elizabeth S. Poole ◽  
Warren P. Tate ◽  
Beverly L. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Context Effect ◽  
Variable Loop ◽  
Selection Of

Developmental Changes in Word Recognition: An Information-Processing Account

1986 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Pring ◽  
Maggie Snowling
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Context Effect ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
Young Readers ◽  
Single Word Reading ◽  
First Time

Two experiments examining developmental changes in the use of context in single word reading are reported. The first experiment investigated how effectively children can access conceptual knowledge and use this to help their word recognition. The results indicated that young readers can on demand direct their attention to semantic information, and this allows them to reap a relatively greater benefit from context than older more skilful readers. The second experiment attempted to clarify the way such use of contextual information might help in the specific case when a child attempts to decode a new word for the first time. Skilled and unskilled readers pronounced pseudohomophonic nonwords faster when they were primed by a semantic context, and the context effect was greater for unskilled readers. The nonword's graphemic similarity to a lexical item was also important. In general, the results were consistent with Stanovich's (1980) interactive-compensatory model of reading, and they suggest that in learning to read, several already existing stores of information (e.g. auditory, visual and conceptual) are integrated in order to achieve a solution to the word recognition problem.

Context effect on visuo-spatial working memory in schizophrenia

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 172S
Author(s):  
R. Longvialle ◽  
I. Amado ◽  
M.O. Krebs ◽  
M.C. Bourdel ◽  
A. Galinowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Context Effect ◽  
Spatial Working Memory

scholarly journals Naming pictures and sounds: Stimulus type affects semantic context effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Wöhner ◽  
Andreas Mädebach ◽  
Jörg D. Jescheniak
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Context Effect ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Semantic Context ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Semantic Interference ◽  
Lexical Processes ◽  
Naming Tasks

Semantic context effects obtained in naming tasks have been most influential in devising and evaluating models of word production. We re-investigated this effect in the frequently used blocked-cyclic naming task in which stimuli are presented repeatedly either sorted by semantic category (homogeneous context) or intermixed (heterogeneous context). Previous blocked-cyclic naming studies have shown slower picture naming responses in the homogeneous context. Our study compared this context effect in two task versions, picture naming and sound naming. Target words were identical across task versions (e.g., participants responded with the word “dog” to either the picture of that animal or to the sound [barking] produced by it). We found semantic interference in the homogeneous context also with sounds and the effect was substantially larger than with pictures (Experiments 1 and 2). This difference is unlikely to result from extended perceptual processing of sounds as compared to pictures (Experiments 3 and 4) or from stronger links between pictures and object names than between sounds and object names (Experiment 5). Overall, our results show that semantic context effects in blocked-cyclic naming generalize to stimulus types other than pictures and – in part – also reflect pre-lexical processes that depend on the nature of the stimuli used for eliciting the naming responses.

Psycholinguistic and corpus-linguistic evidence for L2 constructions

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 163-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Th. Gries ◽  
Stefanie Wulff
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Acceptability Rating

In Construction Grammar, highly frequent syntactic configurations are assumed to be stored as symbolic units in the mental lexicon alongside words. Considering the example of gerund and infinitival complement constructions in English (She tried rocking the baby vs. She tried to rock the baby), this study combines corpus-linguistic and experimental evidence to investigate the question whether these patterns are also stored as constructions by German foreign language learners of English. In a corpus analysis based on 3,343 instances of the two constructions from the British component of the International Corpus of English, a distinctive collexeme analysis was computed to identify the verbs that distinguish best between the two constructions; these verbs were used as experimental stimuli in a sentence completion experiment and a sentence acceptability rating experiment. Two kinds of short-distance priming effects were investigated in the completion data: we checked how often subjects produced an ing-/to-/’other’-construction after having rated an ing- or to-construction (rating-to-production priming), and how often they produced an ing-/to-/’other’-construction when they had produced and ing- or to-construction in the directly preceding completion (production-to-production priming). Furthermore, we considered the proportion of to-completions before a completion in the questionnaire as a measure of a within-subject accumulative priming effect. We found no rating-to-production priming effects in the expected direction, but a weak effect in the opposite direction; short-distance production-to-production priming effects from ing to ing and from ‘other’ and to to to, and, on the whole at least, a suggestive accumulative production-to-production priming effect for both constructions. In the rating task, we found that subjects rate sentences better when the sentential structure is compatible with the main verb’s collexemic distinctiveness.

Asymmetry of the group context effect on delay discounting

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Richard Yi ◽  
Juhan Lee ◽  
Jama Bettis
Keyword(s):  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Context Effect ◽  
Group Context
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