Multiple Time-Intensity Analysis: Sweetness, Bitterness, Chocolate Flavor and Melting Rate of Chocolate with Sucralose, Rebaudioside and Neotame

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Palazzo ◽  
H.M.A. Bolini
2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 648-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALESSANDRA B. PALAZZO ◽  
HELENA M.A. BOLINI

Author(s):  
M Lamchin ◽  
Thomas Bilintoh ◽  
Woo-Kyun Lee ◽  
Altansukh Ochir ◽  
Chul-Hee Lim

Global land degradation and urbanization are rapidly progressing during the 21st century. Herein, we assessed Spatio-temporal changes in global land cover using categorical intensity analyses from 1992 to 2018 to evaluate global land degradation and urbanization. Specifically, we evaluated the decrease, increase, and expansion processes and observed temporal differences. These evaluations were performed on a global scale across continents and climates at a category level for six-term intervals. Intensity analysis is a means of characterizing differences between sets at multiple time points using mathematics. In this study, inputs were gridded land cover from 1992, 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012, 2015, and 2018 and for six land categories: “Cropland,” “Forest,” “Shrubland,” “Built,” “Bare areas,” and “Other” The analysis of change for the 26 years shows that the cropland area increased globally by 786,656 km2 between 1992 and 2018. The areas occupied by forests continuously decreased by 936,960 km2, especially in South America which experienced the highest decline. Urban areas increased by 436,084 km2, with the highest increase observed in temperate regions. This paper concludes that for the last 26 years, land has been converted and degraded attributable to urbanization in temperate regions. Additionally, in South America and tropical regions, the expansion of cropland is the biggest contributor to the decline in “Forests” and “Shrubland”. The largest component of change was observed for the “Built” category. while, “Forest” and “Cropland” experienced significant losses and gains in the first, second, and third intervals.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melisa Permatasari ◽  
M. Candra Nugraha ◽  
Etih Hartati

<p>The rain intensity is the high rainfall in unit of time. The length of rain will be reversed by the amount rain intensity. The shorter time the rain lasts, the greater of the intensity and re-period of its rain. The value of rain intensity is required to calculate the flood discharge plan on the drainage system planning area in East Karawang district. Determining the value rain intensity is required the maximum daily rainfall data obtained from the main observer stations in the Plawad station planning area. The method of determination rain intensity analysis can be done with three methods: Van Breen, Bell Tanimoto and Hasper der Weduwen. Selected method is based on the smallest deviation value. Determination deviation value is determined by comparing rain intensity value of Van Breen method, Bell Tanimoto, Hasper der Weduwen. By comparing rain intensity value of the Van Breen method, Bell Tanimoto, Hasper der Weduwen with the results of calculating three methods through the method approach Talbot, Sherman and Ishiguro. Calculation results show that the method of rain has smallest deviation standard is method Van Breen with Talbot approach for rainy period (PUH) 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years.</p>


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