The Influence of Active Gaming on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Black and Hispanic Youth

Rachel M. Flynn; Amanda E. Staiano; Robbie Beyl; Rebekah A. Richert; Ellen Wartella; Sandra L. Calvert

doi:10.1111/josh.12679

The Effect of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Insulin Resistance on Bone Health in Hispanic Children

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1352 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A662-A663

Author(s):

Reem S Shawar ◽

Maurice Puyau ◽

Roman Shypailo ◽

Salma Musaad ◽

Fida F Bacha

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Bone Health ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Hispanic Youth ◽

Peak Vo2 ◽

Negative Effect

Abstract Obesity appears to have a negative impact on pediatric bone health, and insulin resistance may mediate this relationship. It is unclear if cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has a protective effect on bone in obese children. We tested the hypothesis that CRF attenuates the negative effect of obesity and insulin resistance on skeletal health in a large cohort of Hispanic youth. We studied 413 (193 males and 220 females) children and adolescents from the Viva la Familia Study. They were all pubertal; mean age (SD) 13.4 ± 2.3 years; 27% were normal weight (NW), 19% overweight (OW) and 54% obese (OB). They underwent measurement of body composition, total body bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) by DXA scan; VO2peak using the ramp protocol on a treadmill for CRF; fasting glucose and insulin. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. BMC increased from NW to OW to OB (mean 1.35 ± 0.4, 1.41 ± 0.4, and 1.49 ± 0.4 kg, respectively, p=.005). Peak VO2 decreased from NW to OW to OB (41.3 ± 9.7, 35.5 ± 7.7, 28.9. ± 5.5 mL/kg per min, respectively, p <.001). After adjusting for sex, age and lean body mass, BMC was inversely related to fat mass (r = -0.34, p <.001) and HOMA-IR (r = -0.29, p <.001). Similar relationships were found for BMD. In a regression model with BMC as the dependent variable, lean body mass (standardized coefficient (β)=0.95, p <.001) was positively and fat mass (β=-0.18, p <0.001) negatively associated with BMC (model R2=0.88, p<.001). HOMA-IR (β=-0.07, p =0.001) and VO2peak (β=0.09, p =0.003) had significant and opposite associations with BMC (model p<.001) but fat mass was no longer a significant contributor. With BMD as the dependent variable, lean body mass (β=0.82, p <.001), HOMA-IR (β=-0.06, p =0.04) and peak VO2 (β=0.17, p <.001), but not fat mass, contributed to the variance in BMD (R2=0.79, p<.001). In conclusion, lean body mass is the major determinant of BMC and BMD in Hispanic youth. Adiposity associated insulin resistance has a negative effect on BMC and BMD. CRF contributes positively to the variance in BMC and BMD. This suggests that CRF and higher lean mass attenuate the adverse effects of insulin resistance on bone health in children.

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Insulin Sensitivity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Physical Activity in Overweight Hispanic Youth

Obesity Research ◽

10.1038/oby.2004.11 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 77-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Geoff D.C. Ball ◽

Gabriel Q. Shaibi ◽

Martha L. Cruz ◽

Michael P. Watkins ◽

Marc J. Weigensberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Hispanic Youth

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Cardiorespiratory fitness is positively associated with both healthy and western dietary pattern in Iranian middle-aged

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000685 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Hossein Shahinfar ◽

Farhang Djafari ◽

Nadia Babaei ◽

Samira Davarzani ◽

Mojdeh Ebaditabar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Principal Component ◽

Total Sample ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Western Dietary Pattern ◽

Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract. Background: The association between dietary patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is not well established. Objective: We sought to investigate association between a posteriori dietary pattern and CRF in middle-aged adults. Design: Adults (n = 276), aged 20–74 years, who were residents of Tehran, Iran were recruited. Diet was assessed by using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. Socio-economic status, anthropometric measures, body composition, and blood pressure were recorded. CRF was assessed by using a graded exercise treadmill test. Analysis of variance and linear regression models were used to discern the association between dietary patterns and CRF. Results: Higher scores of the healthy dietary pattern had no association with VO2max (p = 0.13 ). After controlling for potential confounders, VO2max was positively associated across tertiles of healthy dietary patterns (p < 0.001). Higher adherence to the “mixed” dietary pattern was inversely related to VO2max (p < 0.01). After adjusting for confounders, the significant association disappeared (p = 0.14). Higher scores of the “Western” dietary pattern was not associated with VO2max (p = 0.06). However, after controlling for potential confounders, VO2max was positively associated with the “Western” dietary pattern (p = 0.01). A positive linear association between the “healthy” dietary pattern and CRF for the total sample (R2 = 0.02; p < 0.01) were presented. Conclusions: Overall, our findings suggest that higher adherence to a “healthy” and “Western” dietary pattern was positively associated with CRF. However, further studies are required to examine and clarify the causal relationship between dietary patterns and CRF.

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