Neural Substrates of Counterfactual Emotions After Risky Decisions in Late Adolescents and Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Rodrigo ◽  
Iván Padrón ◽  
Manuel de Vega ◽  
Evelyn Ferstl
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Risky Decisions ◽  
Counterfactual Emotions

Profiles of Citizenship Orientations Among Youth

Young ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 110330882110086
Author(s):  
Iana Tzankova ◽  
Gabriele Prati ◽  
Elvira Cicognani
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Institutional Politics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Citizenship Orientations

Prior studies revealed that low levels of youth political activity are not necessarily indicative of complete disengagement from societal affairs but could be accompanied by interest and latent involvement stemming from a standby or monitorial attitude. However, no prior study has investigated patterns of citizenship orientations including both manifest and latent engagement defined by one’s position towards institutional politics, according to different forms of participation. A questionnaire was filled out by 1,732 late adolescents and young adults in Italy (15–30 years old, M = 19.73, 60.7% female). Cluster analysis identified six profiles of citizenship orientations across different types of participatory activities (political, activist, political online and civic): active trustful, active distrustful, standby trustful, standby distrustful, unengaged trustful and unengaged distrustful. The results showed that each level of engagement—active, standby and unengaged—could be further differentiated between trustful and distrustful based on their attitude towards institutions and the electoral process.

scholarly journals Research on Stress Among the Engineering College Students in Coimbatore, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S) ◽  
pp. 73-75
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Significant Public Health

The students are generally affected by stress especially in professional courses like medical, engineering are affected by higher stress, this leads to psychological problems such as high amount of depression, nervousness, cardiac problems etc.,. Mental health among the students indicates growing concern along with opportunity, because of the large number of people who could be reached during an important period of life. College premises, by their scholarly nature, are also well positioned to develop, evaluate, and disseminate best practices. In short, colleges offer a unique opportunity to address one of the most significant public health problems among late adolescents and young adults. Busy schedules crammed with curricular, co-curricular and extracurricular activities can affect the student’s physical and mental health, especially on delayed eating and improper and less sleeping. These stressors can compound over time, leading to even greater levels of stress. College premises, by their scholarly nature, are also well positioned to develop, evaluate, and disseminate best practices. In short, colleges offer a unique opportunity to address one of the most significant public health problems among late adolescents and young adults. This study aims to analyse the stress among the engineering students from sample survey. A quantitative method was used in gathering and analysing the data by distributing questionnaires to the students. The results obtained were analysed for different factors that cause stress among students

scholarly journals Cut-off limits of the GH response to GHRH plus arginine test and IGF-I levels for the diagnosis of GH deficiency in late adolescents and young adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginevra Corneli ◽  
Carolina Di Somma ◽  
Flavia Prodam ◽  
Jaele Bellone ◽  
Simonetta Bellone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Gh Deficiency ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Igf I

ObjectiveTo define the appropriate diagnostic cut-off limits for the GH response to GHRH+arginine (ARG) test and IGF-I levels, using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, in late adolescents and young adults.Design and methodsWe studied 152 patients with childhood-onset organic hypothalamic–pituitary disease (85 males, age (mean±s.e.m.): 19.2±0.2 years) and 201 normal adolescents as controls (96 males, age: 20.7±0.2 years). Patients were divided into three subgroups on the basis of the number of the other pituitary hormone deficits, excluding GH deficiency (GHD): subgroup A consisted of 35 panhypopituitary patients (17 males, age: 21.2±0.4 years), subgroup B consisted of 18 patients with only one or with no more than two pituitary hormone deficits (7 males, age: 20.2±0.9 years); and subgroup C consisted of 99 patients without any known hormonal pituitary deficits (60 males, age: 18.2±0.2 years). Both patients and controls were lean (body mass index, BMI<25 kg/m2). Patients in subgroup A were assumed to be GHD, whereas in patients belonging to subgroups B and C the presence of GHD had to be verified.ResultsFor the GHRH+ARG test, the best pair of highest sensitivity (Se; 100%) and specificity (Sp; 97%) was found choosing a peak GH of 19.0 μg/l. For IGF-I levels, the best pair of highest Se (96.6%) and Sp (74.6%) was found using a cut-off point of 160 μg/l (SDS: −1.3). Assuming 19.0 μg/l to be the cut-off point established for GHRH+ARG test, 72.2% of patients in subgroup B and 39.4% in subgroup C were defined as GHD. In patients belonging to group B and C and with a peak GH response <19 μg/l to the test, IGF-I levels were lower than 160 μg/l (or less than 1.3 SDS) in 68.7 and 41.6% of patients respectively predicting severe GHD in 85.7% of panhypopituitary patients (subgroup A).ConclusionsIn late adolescent and early adulthood patients, a GH cut-off limit using the GHRH+ARG test lower than 19.0 μg/l is able to discriminate patients with a suspicion of GHD and does not vary from infancy to early adulthood.

The Meaning of Grandparents as Viewed by Adolescent Grandchildren: An Empirical Study in Belgium

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Van Ranst ◽  
Karine Verschueren ◽  
Alfons Marcoen
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Leading Question

Why do adolescents value their grandparents? This was the leading question of an investigation among 563 adolescents and young adults in Flanders (Belgium). The Grandparent Meaning Scale which probes eleven a priori dimensions of meaning, was completed by 147 early adolescents ( M = 12.5 years), 175 middle adolescents ( M = 15.7 years), and 241 late adolescents ( M = 18.9 years). Results show that adolescents generally find their grandparents important and feel close to them. Grandparents are valued primarily because they provide affection, reassurance of worth, and reliable alliance. Relational-affective and caregiving meanings were assigned more often to grandmothers whereas advising, teaching, and narrative roles were ascribed more frequently to grandfathers. Maternal grandparents were generally perceived as more important and closer than paternal grandparents. Early adolescents assigned more importance and meaning to their grandparents than middle and late adolescents. There were no differences between grandsons and granddaughters.

scholarly journals Antiretroviral therapy outcomes among adolescents and young adults in a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Patrick Mburugu ◽  
Peter Muiruri ◽  
Nelly Opiyo ◽  
Justus Simba ◽  
Jane Adunda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Virologic Suppression ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Background: Limited data is available on the treatment outcomes of HIV infected adolescents and young adults (AYA) in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV-infected adolescents and young adults (AYA) are at high risk of developing antiretroviral treatment failure. Objective: To determine the clinical, immunological and virologic outcomes of AYA at a tertiary hospital in Kenya. Methodology: A longitudinal study was conducted among AYA age 10-24 years attending Kenyatta National Hospital comprehensive care center. Clinical data was abstracted from electronic medical records for study participants with at least 6 months of follow-up using a structured data abstraction sheet. Results: A total of 250 AYA age 10 to 24 years were included. The median age was 16 years. The median CD4 cell count was 650.6 cells/mm3 (IQR 350.7-884.0). More than half (60.6%) of AYA had a CD4 cell count higher than 500 cells/mm3. Overall, 76.9% of AYA had achieved viral suppression (viral load <1000 copies/ml). There was a significant increase in virologic failure with higher age and late adolescents and young adults were more likely to have a viral load > 1000 copies/ ml p<0.012. Conclusion: The overall virologic suppression in this cohort of AYA was sub-optimal. Both immunological and virologic outcomes were worse among late adolescents (18-19 years) and young adults (20-24 years). Keywords: Adolescents; HIV; Kenya; virologic suppression; young adults.

The Development and Validation of an Interest and Skill Inventory on Educational Choices (ISEC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-828
Author(s):  
Evelyne E. M. Meens ◽  
Anouke W. E. A. Bakx ◽  
Joris Mulder ◽  
Jaap J. A. Denissen
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Educational Choices ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Structural Validity ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Development And Validation

Abstract. This study aimed at developing and validating a new instrument to facilitate late adolescents and young adults to choose a higher education major. For the main study, the sample consisted of 6,215 late adolescents and young adults ( Mage = 19.50, SD = 1.89, 42.3% female). After rational scale construction based on the RIASEC model of Holland (1997) , several statistical analyses were conducted. In four studies, structural validity, internal consistency, and construct validity were examined. Our analyses showed that adequate structural validity, internal consistency, and construct validity were established. A 7-factor structure was found, in which the investigative domain split into two subscales. The overall results suggested that the new instrument is reliable and valid as an orientation instrument in applied settings in secondary and higher education.

scholarly journals Intimate Piercings Among Minority Late Adolescents and Young Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. S87-S88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Gomez De Jesus ◽  
Michelle M. Hospital ◽  
Lorena Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Late Adolescents

scholarly journals Antiretroviral therapy outcomes among adolescents and young adults in a Tertiary Hospital in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Patrick Mburugu ◽  
Peter Muiruri ◽  
Nelly Opiyo ◽  
Justus Simba ◽  
Jane Adunda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Virologic Suppression ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Background: Limited data is available on the treatment outcomes of HIV infected adolescents and young adults (AYA) in sub-Saharan Africa. HIV-infected adolescents and young adults (AYA) are at high risk of developing antiretroviral treatment failure. Objective: To determine the clinical, immunological and virologic outcomes of AYA at a tertiary hospital in Kenya. Methodology: A longitudinal study was conducted among AYA age 10-24 years attending Kenyatta National Hospital comprehensive care center. Clinical data was abstracted from electronic medical records for study participants with at least 6 months of follow-up using a structured data abstraction sheet. Results: A total of 250 AYA age 10 to 24 years were included. The median age was 16 years. The median CD4 cell count was 650.6 cells/mm3 (IQR 350.7-884.0). More than half (60.6%) of AYA had a CD4 cell count higher than 500 cells/mm3. Overall, 76.9% of AYA had achieved viral suppression (viral load <1000 copies/ml). There was a significant increase in virologic failure with higher age and late adolescents and young adults were more likely to have a viral load > 1000 copies/ ml p<0.012. Conclusion: The overall virologic suppression in this cohort of AYA was sub-optimal. Both immunological and virologic outcomes were worse among late adolescents (18-19 years) and young adults (20-24 years). Keywords: Adolescents; HIV; Kenya; virologic suppression; young adults.

scholarly journals 242 Sufficient sleep attenuates the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on executive function decline in late adolescents and young adults

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A96-A98
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Ji ◽  
Jennifer Saylor
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Executive function (EF), which shows continued development into early adulthood, is essential to build resilience to cope with COVID-19-related social and environmental changes. However, how sleep interacts with the pandemic on affecting EF remains unclear, particularly among late adolescents and young adults. This study examined (1) the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sleep and EF and (2) whether sleep moderated pandemic-related changes in EF among young people aged 18-21 years old. Methods Between April and May 2020, university students with baseline data on sleep and EF (Spring and Fall semesters in 2019) available were invited to this follow-up study. Sleep duration, mid-sleep times, social jetlag (the difference between mid-sleep times on weekdays and weekends) and sleep latency were assessed using 7-day sleep diaries. Participants also completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire, and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive function which yielded Global Executive Composite (GEC) scores. Paired t-test and multilevel random-effects models (STATA 16.0) estimated the associations. Covariates in multilevel models included age, sex, race, family income, parental education, COVID status, and health behaviors. Results Forty participants (19.25±1.12 years old) had paired data before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Participants slept 24 min longer (t= -2.07, p=0.03) but had increased sleep latency (t=-1.83, p=0.07) during the pandemic compared to pre-COVID baseline. Mid-sleep times shifted 40 min later (t= -3.22, p=0.003) during the pandemic. In multilevel models, GEC scores increased during pandemic (b=3.15, p=0.03) versus baseline, suggesting decreased executive function. Sleep duration (β=-4.72, p=0.03) significantly interacted with assessment time (before/during COVID-19), with increasing sleep duration attenuating the decline in EF during pandemic versus baseline. Although there was no interaction with COVID-19 pandemic, poor sleep quality (PSQI&gt;5) was independently associated with decreased EF (B=4.69, p=0.02). Other sleep variables were not associated with EF nor moderators. Conclusion Compared with pre-COVID-19 baseline, young people report longer sleep duration, later sleep phase, increased sleep latency, and worse executive function during the pandemic. Sufficient sleep represents a resilience factor against executive function decline during this unprecedented crisis. Support (if any) No

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