scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Fathers' Depressed Mood on Youth Internalizing Symptoms in Early Adulthood

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben T. Reeb ◽  
Ed Y. Wu ◽  
Monica J. Martin ◽  
Kristina L. Gelardi ◽  
Sut Yee Shirley Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressed Mood ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Long Term Effects

Long-term effects of pre-pubertal fluoxetine on behaviour and monoaminergic stress response in stress-sensitive rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Johan Badenhorst ◽  
Linda Brand ◽  
Brian Herbert Harvey ◽  
Susanna Maria Ellis ◽  
Christiaan Beyers Brink
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Swim Stress ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome

ObjectiveAlthough prescription rates of antidepressants for children and adolescents have increased, concerns have been raised regarding effects on neurodevelopment and long-term outcome. Using a genetic animal model of depression, this study investigated the long-term effects of pre-pubertal administration of fluoxetine (FLX) on depressive-like behaviour in early adulthood, as well as on central monoaminergic response to an acute stressor. We postulated that pre-pubertal FLX will have lasting effects on animal behaviour and monoaminergic stress responses in early adulthood.MethodsFlinders sensitive line (FSL) rats received 10 mg/kg/day FLX subcutaneously from postnatal day 21 (PnD21) to PnD34 (pre-pubertal). Thereafter, following normal housing, rats were either subjected to locomotor testing and the forced swim test (FST) on PnD60 (early adulthood), or underwent surgery for microdialysis, followed on PnD60 by exposure to acute swim stress and measurement of stressor-induced changes in plasma corticosterone and pre-frontal cortical monoamine concentrations.ResultsPre-pubertal FLX did not induce a late emergent effect on immobility in FSL rats on PnD60, whereas locomotor activity was significantly decreased. Acute swim stress on PnD60 significantly increased plasma corticosterone levels, and increased pre-frontal cortical norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) concentrations. Pre-pubertal FLX significantly blunted the pre-frontal cortical NE and 5-HIAA response following swim stress on PnD60. Baseline dopamine levels were significantly enhanced by pre-pubertal FLX, but no further changes were induced by swim stress.ConclusionPre-pubertal FLX did not have lasting antidepressant-like behavioural effects in genetically susceptible, stress-sensitive FSL rats. However, such treatment reduced locomotor activity, abrogated noradrenergic and serotonergic stressor responses and elevated dopaminergic baseline levels in adulthood.

scholarly journals Longitudinal changes in amygdala, hippocampus and cortisol development following early caregiving adversity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle VanTieghem ◽  
Marta Korom ◽  
Jessica Flannery ◽  
Tricia Choy ◽  
Christina Caldera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Stress Physiology ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Morning Cortisol

Decades of research have shown long-term effects of early caregiving adversity (ECA) on stress physiology and limbic brain volume (e.g. amygdala, hippocampus). Although these systems undergo significant maturational change during childhood and adolescence, and reciprocally influence each other, the effects of ECA on these developmental processes is not well understood. In the current study, we used an accelerated longitudinal design to assess the development of stress physiology, amygdala, and hippocampal volume following early institutional care. Previously Institutionalized (PI; N = 93) and comparison (COMP; N = 161) youth (ages 4-20 years old) completed 1-3 waves of data collection, each spaced approximately 2 years apart, for diurnal cortisol (N = 239, providing a total of 380 diurnal datasets), structural MRI (N = 156, providing a total of 306 scans) and parent-reported internalizing symptoms (N = 133, providing a total of 227 time points). We observed a developmental shift in morning cortisol in the PI group, with blunted levels in childhood and heightened levels in late adolescence. PI history was associated with reduced hippocampal volume and reduced growth rate of the amygdala, resulting in smaller volumes by adolescence. Results also suggested feed-forward brain-to-hormone mechanisms; amygdala and hippocampal volumes were prospectively associated with morning cortisol levels two years later. Finally, amygdala and hippocampal volumes were independently associated with internalizing scores. These results indicate that adversity-related physiological and neural phenotypes are not stationary during development but instead exhibit dynamic and interdependent changes from early childhood to early adulthood.

The Short- and Long-Term Effects of Adolescent Violent Victimization Experienced Within the Family and Community

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail A. Fagan
Keyword(s):  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Violent Victimization ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Youth Survey ◽  
Criminal Involvement ◽  
The Family ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Adolescents face high rates of victimization, yet little is known regarding the criminal consequences of these experiences. Using data from the National Youth Survey, this investigation compared the relative and combined effects of adolescent violent victimization perpetrated by family and nonfamily members on self-reported criminal offending from adolescence to early adulthood. The results demonstrate that both types of violence have an immediate and sustained impact on criminal involvement, although the effect is somewhat stronger for nonfamily victimization, and for both types, the relationship tends to weaken over time. In addition, those experiencing both types of victimization report a higher frequency of offending compared to those experiencing only one type. The findings indicate the need for prevention programs aimed at decreasing the prevalence of adolescent victimization, as well as intervention efforts to help victims from becoming offenders.

scholarly journals Internalizing symptoms and working memory as predictors of mathematical attainment trajectories across the primary–secondary education transition

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 191433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Evans ◽  
Darya Gaysina ◽  
Andy P. Field
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Transition To Secondary Education

The transition from primary to secondary education is a critical period in early adolescence which is related to increased anxiety and stress, increased prevalence of mental health issues, and decreased maths performance, suggesting it is an important period to investigate maths attainment. Previous research has focused on anxiety and working memory as predictors of maths, without investigating any long-term effects around the education transition. This study examined working memory and internalizing symptoms as predictors of children's maths attainment trajectories (age 7–16) across the transition to secondary education using secondary longitudinal analysis of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). This study found statistically significant, but very weak evidence for the effect of internalizing symptoms and working memory on maths attainment. Greater parental education was the strongest predictor, suggesting that children of parents with a degree (compared with those with a CSE) gain the equivalent of almost a year's schooling in maths. However, due to methodological limitations, the effects of working memory and internalizing symptoms on attainment cannot be fully understood with the current study. Additional research is needed to further uncover this relationship, using more time-appropriate measures.

Too much to choose from? The long-term effects of political fragmentation on electoral turnout

Politics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 026339572097121
Author(s):  
Piotr Zagórski
Keyword(s):  
Political Socialization ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Choice Overload ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Electoral Turnout ◽  
Political Scene

How does political socialization in a highly fragmented political scene affect propensity to vote? This article focusses on the long-term relationship between the number of political parties and the propensity to turn out in 96 parliamentary elections between 1996 and 2016 of nearly 100,000 individuals in 31 countries. Although intuitively more options might be expected to translate into a greater likelihood of participating in elections, existing research claims that high levels of party fragmentation instead lead to ‘choice overload’ and alienate citizens from voting. Building on the theory of voting as a habit, I show that early adulthood political socialization in a highly fragmented context leaves a footprint of non-voting in subsequent elections. This finding is especially relevant given the recent significant rise in fragmentation of most party systems in Europe, which in light of this research could mean a further decline in turnout rates in many countries in the future.

scholarly journals Developmental Dynamics of Intergroup Contact and Intergroup Attitudes: Long-Term Effects in Adolescence and Early Adulthood

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1466-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Wölfer ◽  
Katharina Schmid ◽  
Miles Hewstone ◽  
Maarten van Zalk
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Developmental Dynamics
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