scholarly journals Combining Stress Exposure and Stress Generation: Does Neuroticism Alter the Dynamic Interplay of Stress, Depression, and Anxiety Following Job Loss?

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Howe ◽  
Maria Cimporescu ◽  
Ryan Seltzer ◽  
Jenae M. Neiderhiser ◽  
Francisco Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Loss ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Dynamic Interplay

scholarly journals 0554 Insomnia Disorder Predicts Stressful Life Events in Individuals Who Have Recently Experienced Involuntary Job Loss

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A212-A213
Author(s):  
I Skobic ◽  
G Howe ◽  
P L Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Involuntary Job Loss ◽  
Insomnia Disorder

Abstract Introduction The stress generation hypothesis posits that depressed (versus non-depressed) individuals generate more stressful life events, especially events for which they are at least partly responsible (i.e., dependent events). Insomnia disorder interferes with emotion regulation, potentially leading to impaired decision-making and increased stress generation. We hypothesized that insomnia disorder would lead to an increased number of stressful life events in our sample of adults who have recently experienced involuntary job loss. Methods Assessing Daily Activity Patterns through Occupational Transitions is a longitudinal study examining linkages between job-loss, sleep, obesity, and mental health. We used baseline and 3-month follow-up data from 137 participants who completed the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule, a contextual life event measure. Insomnia disorder was coded yes if participants met ICSD-3 criteria for a current chronic or acute insomnia disorder on the Duke Structured Interview for Sleep Disorders. Covariates included age, gender, and race. Linear and logistic regression were employed to assess changes in number of events over time. Secondary analysis examined the relationship between insomnia and dependent stressful life events specifically. Results When controlling for covariates, insomnia disorder at study baseline predicted the number of stressful life events generated between baseline and 3-month follow-up (β =.60, se=.30, t=1.99, p=.05). Conversely, events at baseline did not predict insomnia disorder at follow-up when controlling for baseline insomnia disorder (OR=.98, CI=.82-1.17). Secondary analysis revealed a trend toward increased generation of dependent events among individuals with insomnia disorder (β =.37, se=.23, t = 1.6, p=.11). Conclusion Our analyses provide preliminary evidence for a causal relationship between insomnia disorder and stress generation. Additional research is needed to replicate and examine the mechanisms behind this relationship. This extension of the stress generation hypothesis may have important implications for harm reduction interventions for insomnia disorder. Support #1R01HL117995-01A1.

scholarly journals Predictors and patterns of gambling behaviour across the COVID-19 lockdown: findings from a UK cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Fluharty ◽  
Elise Paul ◽  
Daisy Fancourt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Stress And Health ◽  
Financial Losses

The negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy is well documented, with widespread furloughs, job loss, and financial insecurity. Concerns have been raised about increases in maladaptive coping behaviours such as gambling, to offset financial losses. Similarly, as individuals spend increased time at home, new populations may initiate or increase the frequency of gambling behaviours. The current study used a large longitudinal study of UK adults (N = 32,559) to examine a range of sociodemographic, stress, and health predictors of (i) gambling during strict lockdown (March to the first week of June 2020), (ii) gambling more frequently during strict lockdown compared to before lockdown, and (iii) continued increased rates of gambling during the relaxing of lockdown restrictions (end of July/early August 2020) compared to earlier in the lockdown (late May/early June 2020). Results from a logistic regression indicated that males, older ages, the employed, those with progressively lower levels of education, who lived in overcrowded accommodation, were highly bored, frequently drank alcohol, smoked or were ex-smokers, and had high risk-taking tendencies were more likely to gamble during strict lockdown. Individuals who were more likely to have increased their frequency of gambling during strict lockdown compared to before the lockdown were highly bored, employed, frequently drank alcohol, and had depression and anxiety, whilst men and current smokers were less likely. As lockdown restrictions eased, individuals of ethnic minority backgrounds, who were current smokers, and with lower education attainment were more likely to continue gambling at heightened rates. This suggests which risk groups should be targeted and provided with more effective coping strategies.

scholarly journals The immunology of stress and the impact of inflammation on the brain and behaviour

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Meghna Ravi ◽  
Andrew H. Miller ◽  
Vasiliki Michopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Acute And Chronic Stress ◽  
Chronic Stressors ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Chronic Activation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

SUMMARY Exposure to acute versus chronic stressors and threats activates the immune system in adaptive and maladaptive manners respectively. Chronic activation arising from persistent stress exposure can contribute to an inflammatory response in the periphery and in the brain that has been implicated in stress-related psychopathology, including depression and anxiety. We review the immunology of acute and chronic stress exposure, integrate this discussion with the emerging literature linking heightened immune activation and inflammation to mood and anxiety disorders, and consider the translational implications of the immune system's role in these psychiatric conditions, with a brief overview of potential interventions.

The impact of life stress on adult depression and anxiety is dependent on gender and timing of exposure

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1443-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carly E. Herbison ◽  
Karina Allen ◽  
Monique Robinson ◽  
John Newnham ◽  
Craig Pennell
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Prenatal Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Stress Trajectory ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Postnatal Stress

AbstractThere is debate about the relative importance of timing of stressful events prenatally and over the life course and risk for subsequent depressive/anxious illness. The aim of this study was to examine the relative roles of prenatal stress and postnatal stress trajectories in predicting depression and anxiety in early adulthood in males and females. Exposure to life stress events was examined in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study during pregnancy and ages 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 14, and 17 years. At age 20, offspring completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Prenatal stress and trajectories of stress events from age 1 to 17 were analyzed in linear regression analyses. Five postnatal stress trajectories were identified. In females, medium to high chronic stress exposure or exposure during puberty/adolescence predicted depression and anxiety symptoms while low or reduced stress exposure over the life course did not, after adjustment for relevant confounders. High stress early in pregnancy contributed to male depression/anxiety symptoms independent of postnatal stress trajectory. In females, postnatal stress trajectory was more important than prenatal stress in predicting depression/anxiety symptoms. Interventions focused on reducing and managing stress events around conception/pregnancy and exposure to chronic stress are likely to have beneficial outcomes on rates of depression and anxiety in adults.

An Examination of Stress Generation and Stress Exposure Models in Relation to Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-656
Author(s):  
Amanda A. Uliaszek
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Exposure Models ◽  
The Impact

Research examining life stress as a precipitant, co-occurrence, and consequence of psychopathology often has implications for two explanatory models: stress exposure, where stress causes symptoms, and stress generation, where symptoms cause stress. Preliminary evidence suggests that both processes are evident in borderline personality disorder (BPD). The present study examined 101 adults who self-reported at least three symptoms of BPD at prescreen, with 30% of the sample meeting full diagnostic criteria for BPD. Cross-lagged panel analyses were used to examine the relationships between BPD symptomatology and four forms of life stress. Stress exposure and stress generation were not supported for either form of chronic life stress. Results supported stress generation in both dependent and interpersonal episodic life stress, and stress exposure for interpersonal episodic life stress. These findings evidenced small effects only. Findings point to the impact of interpersonal stress on changes in symptomatology over time.

scholarly journals Grief reactions, depression, and anxiety following job loss: patterns and correlates

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1905348
Author(s):  
Janske H. W. van Eersel ◽  
Toon W. Taris ◽  
Paul A. Boelen
Keyword(s):  
Job Loss ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Grief Reactions
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