Impact of combined healthy lifestyle factors on survival in an adult general population and in high‐risk groups: prospective results from the Moli‐sani Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bonaccio ◽  
A. Di Castelnuovo ◽  
S. Costanzo ◽  
A. De Curtis ◽  
M. Persichillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Lifestyle Factors

scholarly journals The case for expanding the definition of ‘key populations’ to include high-risk groups in the general population to improve targeted HIV prevention efforts

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. 664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olive Shisana ◽  
Numpumelelo Zungu ◽  
Meredith Evans ◽  
Kathryn Risher ◽  
Thomas Rehle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Definition Of

Risk Of Solid Subsequent Malignant Neoplasms (SMNs) With Extended Follow-Up Of Childhood Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) Survivors Is Comparable To The Risk In Known High-Risk Groups Within The General Population: Report From The Late Effects Study Group (LESG)

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (21) ◽  
pp. 2992-2992
Author(s):  
Smita Bhatia ◽  
Cor van den Bos ◽  
Can-Lan Sun ◽  
Jillian Birch ◽  
Lisa Diller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Clin Oncol ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background We describe the pattern and incidence of SMNs with 10 additional years of follow-up of an international cohort (Bhatia, N Engl J Med, 1996; Bhatia, J Clin Oncol, 2003) of children with HL diagnosed between 1955 and 1986 at age 16 y or younger. Methods Medical record review was used to identify SMNs, define vital status and describe therapeutic exposures. Pathology reports served to validate SMNs. Cumulative incidence (CI) utilized competing risk methods. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and absolute excess risk (AER/10,000 p-y) utilized age-, gender- and year-matched rates in the general population. Cox regression techniques (using calendar time as time scale) identified predictors of SMN risk. Results The cohort included 1023 patients diagnosed with HL at a median age of 11 y, and followed for a median of 26.8 y (IQR, 16.4-33.7). Eighty-nine percent had received radiation, either alone (22%), or in combination with chemotherapy (67%). Alkylating agent (AA) score was defined as follows: 1 AA for 6 m = AA score of 1; 2 AA for 6 m or 1 AA for 12 m = AA score of 2, etc. The AA score was 1-2 for 54% and 3+ for 16%; 30% did not receive AA. A total of 188 solid SMNs developed in 139 patients (breast [54], thyroid [24], lung [11], colorectal [11], bone [8], other malignancies [80]. Table summarizes SIR (95%CI), CI, and AER by attained age. The cohort was at an 11.1-fold increased risk of developing solid SMNs (excluding non-melanoma skin cancers) compared with the general population (95% CI, 9.4-13.0). CI of solid SMNs was 25.2% at 40 y from HL diagnosis (Fig 1). Among patients aged ≥40 y, 79% of total AER was attributable to breast, thyroid, colorectal and lung SMNs (Table). Thirty-seven patients developed >1 solid SMN; the cumulative incidence of the 2nd SMN was 19.6% at 10 years from diagnosis of the 1st SMN. Breast Cancer: Females (n=41) had a 20.9-fold increased risk, and males (n=3) a 45.8-fold increased risk c/w general population. Age at HL of 10-16 y vs. <10 y (RR=9.7, 95%CI, 2.3-40.6, p=0.002), and exposure to chest radiation (RR=5.9, 95%CI, 1.4-25.9) were associated with increased risk. Among females aged 10-16 y at chest radiation, cumulative incidence was 24.3% by age 45 y, as opposed to 2.6% for those <10 y, p=0.001 (Fig 2). Exposure to AA was associated with a lower risk (RR=0.4, p=0.002). Diagnosis of HL after 1975 was associated with decreased risk (RR=0.25, 95%CI 0.12-0.53), explained, in part by the increasing use of AA after 1975 (78%) vs. before 1975 (61%). By age 40 y, the risk of breast cancer among females exposed to chest radiation at age 10-16 y (18.2%) was comparable to the risk for BRCA1 mutation carriers (15%-20% by age 40 y; Chen, J Clin Oncol, 2007). Lung cancer: Ten of 11 lung cancer cases were diagnosed in males (males: SIR=24.7; females: SIR=3.2, p=0.05); all had received neck/chest radiation. The CI of lung cancer among males was 3.8% by age 50 y, comparable to the risk among male smokers (2% by age 50 y, Bilello, Clinics Chest Med, 2002). Colorectal cancer: There was a 11.5-fold increased risk c/w general population. The CI among those with abdominal/pelvic radiation was 4.1% by age 50 y ; this risk is higher than that observed in individuals with ≥2 first degree relatives affected with colorectal cancer (1.2% by age 50 y, Butterworth, Eur J Cancer, 2006). Thyroid cancer: Survivors had a 22.2-fold increased risk; all developed within radiation field. Females (RR=4.3, 95%CI 1.8-10.4) were at increased risk. Conclusion In this cohort of HL survivors with 20,344 p-y of follow-up, the greatest excess risk of SMNs among those > 40 y was attributable to breast, thyroid, colorectal and lung SMNs. Observed risks for the most common SMNs were comparable to or greater than known high-risk groups within the general population. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Prevalence and burden of chronic kidney disease among the general population and high-risk groups in Africa: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e015069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar Abd ElHafeez ◽  
Davide Bolignano ◽  
Graziella D’Arrigo ◽  
Evangelia Dounousi ◽  
Giovanni Tripepi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Risk Groups

scholarly journals Screening for celiac disease in the general population and in high‐risk groups

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas F Ludvigsson ◽  
Timothy R Card ◽  
Katri Kaukinen ◽  
Julio Bai ◽  
Fabiana Zingone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Risk Groups

scholarly journals High-risk lifestyle and all-cause mortality in older Australians with stroke: A data linkage study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
W Peng ◽  
Andrew Hayen ◽  
J a n e Maguire ◽  
J o n Adams ◽  
David Sibbritt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background Stroke prevention via lifestyle modification is a public health priority in developed countries. Few studies have examined the association of high-risk lifestyle factors with long-term mortality of stroke survivors. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effect of key lifestyle factors on all-cause mortality after stroke. Methods Sample is derived from the 45 and Up Study, the largest ongoing study in the Southern Hemisphere focusing on the health of people aged 45 years and older living in NSW, Australia. The lifestyle data in the 45 and Up Study between 2006 to 2015 were linked with data from the NSW Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages, NSW Cause of Death Unit Record File, and NSW Admitted Patient Data Collection by the Centre for Health Record Linkage. We defined a high-risk lifestyle as no vigorous exercise, smokers, or &gt; 10 alcoholic drinks/week. Multivariate Cox regression model is used to examine the effect of high-risk lifestyle on survival using 10-year all-cause mortality as the main outcome, adjusted for key confounders. Results We analysed information on 8410 adults with a stroke event occurring prior to the baseline 45 and Up Study, and 31% of them died in 10 years. 6219 participants were identified as having a high-risk lifestyle at baseline. Being a current smoker and without vigorous exercise were associated with 41% (95% CI: 16%, 73%) and 52% (95% CI: 30%, 78%) increase in the likelihood of death in 10 years, respectively. However, high-risk alcohol drinking was not significantly associated with survival. Of note, having cardiovascular-related comorbidities showed greater risks of mortality (HR range, 3.6-7.2). Conclusions High-risk lifestyle factors were associated with an increased risk of long-term all-cause mortality, suggesting that enhancing public health initiatives to promote 'healthy' lifestyle behaviours can be of great benefit to stroke survivors. Key messages It is essential for stroke survivors to maintain a healthy lifestyle to delay all-cause mortality. Stroke survivors with high-risk lifestyle may be associated with increased likelihood of death if they have comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis C infection among the general population and high-risk groups in the EU/EEA: A systematic review update

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru HAN ◽  
Junwen ZHOU ◽  
Clément François N ◽  
Mondher Toumi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Healthcare Resource Utilisation

Abstract Background: Although significant improvement in efficacy measured by a sustained virological response, the high acquisition costs of direct-acting antivirals limit the access for patients and influence the costs of healthcare resource utilisation in hepatitis C. It is important to have the latest estimates of prevalence, especially in high-risk groups, for cost of illness, cost-effectiveness and budget impact studies. Methods: Original studies on the estimates of the prevalence among general and high-risk populations in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) were retrieved from Medline and Embase for the period from 2015 to 2018. All included studies were evaluated for risk of selection bias and summarised together in a narrative form. Results from previous reviews and updated searches were compared per country among different populations, respectively. Results: Among the 3871 studies identified, 46 studies were included: 20 studies were used for the estimate of the general population; 3 for men who have sex with men (MSM); 6 for prisoners; and 17 for people who inject drugs (PWID). Compared with the results reported in previous systematic reviews, the updated estimates were lower than previously in most available countries. Anti-HCV general population prevalence estimates ranged from 0.54% to 1.50% by country. The highest prevalence of anti-HCV was found among PWID (range of 7.90% - 82.00%), followed by prisoners (7.00% - 41.00%), HIV-positive MSM (1.80% - 7.10%), HIV-negative MSM (0.20% - 1.80%), pregnant women (0.10% - 1.32%) and first-time blood donors (0.03% - 0.09%). Conclusions: Our study highlights the heterogeneity in anti-HCV prevalence across different population groups in EU/EEA. The prevalence also varies widely between European countries. There are many countries that are not represented in our results, highlighting the need for the development of robust epidemiological studies.

The sexual networks of female sex workers and potential HIV transmission risk: an entertainment venue-based study in Shaanxi, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-409
Author(s):  
Huijun Liu ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Marcus W Feldman ◽  
Qunying Xiao
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Sexual Networks ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Sexual Network ◽  
Hiv Aids

People involved in commercial sex are thought to be at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) transmission. To explore the characteristics of female sex workers’ (FSWs) sexual networks and how FSWs and their sex partners could serve as ‘bridges’ in HIV/AIDS transmission, egocentric sexual networks (where a subject is asked to identify his or her sexual contacts and their relationships) of 66 FSWs in Xi'an city, Shaanxi Province of China, were studied. Convenience sampling was used to collect FSWs’ socio-demographic and sexual behavior data, which we analyzed using social network and descriptive statistical methods. Results show that some egocentric sexual networks were connected by sex partners, and these were integrated into several components of a sexual network. According to centrality indicators, FSWs and their commercial sex partners (especially regular clients) served as key nodes within high-risk groups and as bridges between high-risk groups and the general population. The cluster of high-risk groups with cohesive sub-networks had larger network size (P < 0.001), more complex network structures, and more high-risk members (P < 0.05) than other isolated networks. The sexual network of FSWs was characterized by multiple sexual relations (680), unstable relationships (50.15%), and a high rate of inconsistent condom use with non-commercial sex partners (31.22%). By linking commercial and non-commercial sexual networks, the FSWs and their clients can become effective bridges for HIV/AIDS spread from high-risk groups to the general population.

scholarly journals HCV Phylogeography of the General Population and High-Risk Groups in Cyprus Identifies the Island as a Global Sink for and Source of Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Paraskevis ◽  
◽  
Dora C. Stylianou ◽  
Johana Hezka ◽  
Zachariah Stern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Source Of Infection
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