THE DECLINE IN THE U.S. LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE: A LITERATURE REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Perez‐Arce ◽  
María J. Prados
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals The Labor Force Participation Rate: An Examination Of The Determinants Of Its Recent Precipitous Decline

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1873
Author(s):  
Patrick J. Litzinger ◽  
John H. Dunn, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
Precipitous Decline ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The U.S

The Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) is defined as those Americans in the labor force, i.e. above the age of sixteen, below retirement age, who are either actively employed or actively seeking employment. From 1950 until 1998 it rose from 59.2% to 67.2%. Given the near doubling of the U.S. population, its impact on our economy was enormous. However, since 1998 the LFPR has declined steadily to 63.3%. Parallel to this decline, we have seen a polarization of both wealth and income in the U.S. Many economists have examined both trends the decline of LFPR and inequality and have put forth a variety of determinants. These include technology and globalization a decline or hollowing out of the middle class, if you will. Also included are the demographics of an ageing society, and the increased racial and gender participation, but also a workforce that has become only marginally prepared by todays educational institutions. Another class of determinants is the welfare safety net at both the Federal and state levels, including extended unemployment benefits, disability payments and other subsidies. The authors examine each class of determinants, including whether their aspects are cyclical, structural or even part of an ominous trend for our economy.

scholarly journals The Persistence Of Sexual Discrimination In The Workplace

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Sexual Segregation ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Sexual Discrimination ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
The U.S

Measured by an increasing labor force participation rate for women, a falling dissimilarity index for occupational sex segregation, and a declining male/female earnings gap, there has been increasing integration of women into the workforce in the U.S. over the last fifty years. This increased diversity should lead to increased productivity, thus inducing profit-maximizing firms to encourage it. However, sexual segregation has persisted for so long that it must be beneficial for the capitalist system as a whole. By keeping women separate and subservient with lower wages than men, firms exploit sexual discrimination and are able to maintain higher profits.

scholarly journals The Long-Lived Cyclicality of the Labor Force Participation Rate

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (044) ◽  
pp. 1-48
Author(s):  
Tomaz Cajner ◽  
◽  
John Coglianese ◽  
Joshua Montes ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
State Level ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Negative Shock

How cyclical is the U.S. labor force participation rate (LFPR)? We examine its response to exogenous state-level business cycle shocks, finding that the LFPR is highly cyclical, but with a significantly longer-lived response than the unemployment rate. The LFPR declines after a negative shock for about four years—well beyond when the unemployment rate has begun to recover—and takes about eight years to fully recover after the shock. The decline and recovery of the LFPR is largely driven by individuals with home and family responsibilities, as well as by younger individuals spending time in school. Our main specifications measure cyclicality from the response of the age-adjusted LFPR, and we show that it is problematic to use the unadjusted LFPR when estimating cyclicality because local shocks spur changes in the population of high-LFPR age groups through migration. LFPR cyclicality varies across groups, with larger and longer-lived responses.

Labor Force Trends and Immigration in Europe

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Feld
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
European Community ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Social Security Systems ◽  
Security Systems ◽  
Early Effect ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
National Characteristics

Labor force trends up to 2025 for the fifteen countries (before May 1, 2004) of the European Community are examined. Will demographic decline have an early effect on manpower volume? An estimation is made to determine whether present migratory flow levels in these countries will be sufficient to counter labor force stagnation. Manpower trend scenarios are proposed for each country. They show highly contrasting situations. These countries favor different policies for mobilizing and increasing their manpower volume. There is wide divergence between the various EU countries as concerns their demographic situation and labor force participation rate as well as their social security systems. Considering these highly diverse national characteristics, the difficulty in arriving at a consensus on EU migratory policy harmonization is stressed.

scholarly journals Female Labor Market Participation and Economic Growth: The Case of Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Khaliq ◽  
Dilawar Khan ◽  
Sultan Akbar ◽  
Muhammad Hamayun ◽  
Barkat Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Labor Force Participation Rate ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Adf Test

Female labor force plays a significant role in the economic development of a country. The core objective of this paper is to examine the nexus between female labor force participation rate and Pakistan’s economic growth using time series data for the period 1990-2014. The data was extracted from World Development Indicators database. Augmented-Dickey Fuller (ADF) test was applied to examine the data for unit root. The results show that both the variables--- female labor force participation rate and economic growth---are stationary at first difference i.e. I(1). The error correction model (ECM) and Johansen co-integration tests were used to examine the co-integration relation between the variables. The econometric results conclude that there is long-run and a U-shaped link between economic growth and women labor force participation rate of Pakistan. The results conclude that lower female labor force participation rate leads to lower economic growth in Pakistan. This paper has important policy implications, suggests that policies intend to remove such barriers could help to enhance the Pakistan’s economic growth.

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