Risk factors for women with gestational diabetes mellitus developing type 2 diabetes and the impact on children's health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi‐Ling Chiou ◽  
Chich‐Hsiu Hung ◽  
Ching‐Yun Yu ◽  
Te‐Fu Chan ◽  
Ming‐Gwo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Children's Health ◽  
Children’S Health ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and the Risks of Overall and Type-Specific Cardiovascular Diseases: A Population- and Sibling-Matched Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongfu Yu ◽  
Melissa Soohoo ◽  
Henrik Toft Sørensen ◽  
Jiong Li ◽  
Onyebuchi A. Arah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Maternal History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

<b>OBJECTIVE</b> <p>To evaluate associations between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and various incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints, considering the effects of mediating role of type 2 diabetes and shared environmental/familial factors.</p> <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</b></p> <p>This population-based cohort study included 1002486 parous women in Denmark during 1978-2016. We used Cox regression to (i) examine the associations of GDM with overall and type-specific CVDs using full-cohort and sibling-matched analysis; (ii) quantify the impact of type 2 diabetes after GDM using mediation analysis; and (iii) assess whether these associations were modified by pre-pregnancy obesity or maternal history of CVD.</p> <p><b>RESULTS</b></p> <p>Women with a history of GDM had a 40% increased overall CVD risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-1.45). Sibling-matched analyses yielded similar results(HR, 1.44; 95%CI, 1.28-1.62). Proportion of association between GDM and overall CVD explained by subsequent type 2 diabetes was 23.3%(15.4%-32.8%). We observed increased risks of specific CVDs, including 65% increased stroke risk and more than two-fold risks for myocardial infarction, heart failure, and peripheral artery disease. The elevated overall risks were more pronounced among women with GDM and pre-pregnancy obesity or maternal history of CVD. </p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p> <p>A history of GDM was associated with increased risks of overall and specific CVDs. Increased risks were partly explained by subsequent type 2 diabetes and the need to identify other pathways remains important. Continuous monitoring of women with a history of GDM, especially those with pre-pregnancy obesity or maternal history of CVD, may provide better opportunities to reduce their cardiovascular risk.</p>

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and the Risks of Overall and Type-Specific Cardiovascular Diseases: A Population- and Sibling-Matched Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongfu Yu ◽  
Melissa Soohoo ◽  
Henrik Toft Sørensen ◽  
Jiong Li ◽  
Onyebuchi A. Arah
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Maternal History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

<b>OBJECTIVE</b> <p>To evaluate associations between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and various incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints, considering the effects of mediating role of type 2 diabetes and shared environmental/familial factors.</p> <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</b></p> <p>This population-based cohort study included 1002486 parous women in Denmark during 1978-2016. We used Cox regression to (i) examine the associations of GDM with overall and type-specific CVDs using full-cohort and sibling-matched analysis; (ii) quantify the impact of type 2 diabetes after GDM using mediation analysis; and (iii) assess whether these associations were modified by pre-pregnancy obesity or maternal history of CVD.</p> <p><b>RESULTS</b></p> <p>Women with a history of GDM had a 40% increased overall CVD risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-1.45). Sibling-matched analyses yielded similar results(HR, 1.44; 95%CI, 1.28-1.62). Proportion of association between GDM and overall CVD explained by subsequent type 2 diabetes was 23.3%(15.4%-32.8%). We observed increased risks of specific CVDs, including 65% increased stroke risk and more than two-fold risks for myocardial infarction, heart failure, and peripheral artery disease. The elevated overall risks were more pronounced among women with GDM and pre-pregnancy obesity or maternal history of CVD. </p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p> <p>A history of GDM was associated with increased risks of overall and specific CVDs. Increased risks were partly explained by subsequent type 2 diabetes and the need to identify other pathways remains important. Continuous monitoring of women with a history of GDM, especially those with pre-pregnancy obesity or maternal history of CVD, may provide better opportunities to reduce their cardiovascular risk.</p>

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Perspectives on Lifestyle Changes during Pregnancy and Post-partum, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Future Type 2 Diabetes

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Doran
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
The Impact

This paper reports on a mixed methods study which sought to explore the role of physical activity in relation to the management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); the impact of a diagnosis of GDM on a woman?s life; follow-up support and factors that both hinder and support women to engage in physical activity post-partum in order to reduce their risk of developing future type 2 diabetes. Thirty-eight women who had a pregnancy complicated by GDM completed surveys. In-depth interviews were then conducted with a subset of eight women who completed these surveys, to further explore their experiences. Women reported making changes to their lifestyle to improve diet and engage in physical activity during pregnancy. These changes were harder to sustain after the baby was born. In this study few women underwent the recommended six-weekly oral glucose tolerance testing, and post-partum follow-up support was virtually non-existent. There is a clear role for health promotion across a number of sectors to support sustained behaviour change in this high-risk group of women. Factors are identified that could enhance follow-up support, particularly for lifestyle change.

scholarly journals Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among women with gestational diabetes mellitus in semi-urban area, Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu: a case control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 922
Author(s):  
Joy Patricia Pushparani ◽  
M. Yazhini ◽  
K. Caroline Priya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hence early detection by screening and management of GDM is very essential to reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes. Objectives was to evaluate the strength of association of GDM and type 2 diabetes among women aged 30 to 35 years in Thiruvallur District, to find the association of other risk factors with type 2 diabetes.Methods: A study was conducted among 160 women with 44 cases and 116 controls aged 30-35 years attending NCD clinics in Thiruvallur District between March and September 2016. The cases and controls were matched for age and time period between last delivery and the time of screening as 5 years or more. GDM exposure was ascertained if their venous blood glucose levels during their antenatal and postpartum period exceeded the oral glucose tolerance test criteria recommended by national guidelines.Results: In the study it was found that women with history of GDM are 4.65 times higher at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. There was significant association (p=0.000) between type 2 diabetes and risk factors like family history of diabetes, co-morbidities like hypertension, hypothyroidism.Conclusions: Gestational diabetes is a predictor of type 2 diabetes, as the women are registered in the pregnancy and infant cohort monitoring and evaluation system, it has the potential to identify women at risk of type 2 diabetes and intervene at the earliest.

Reducing Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) Through a Preconception Counseling Program for American Indian/Alaska Native Girls: Perceptions From Women With Type 2 Diabetes or a History of GDM

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Stotz ◽  
Denise Charron-Prochownik ◽  
Martha Ann Terry ◽  
Kelly Gonzales ◽  
Kelly Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Preconception Counseling ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reduce Risk

Purpose American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) women are disproportionately affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM is a risk factor for subsequent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in both mother and offspring, yet there is minimal research being conducted in this population. The purpose of this portion of a larger 5-year study is to examine AIAN women’s experiences of having GDM or T2D during pregnancy, inform the development of a GDM risk reduction and preconception counseling (PC) program tailored to AIAN girls, and enhance mother-daughter communication and support within the program. Methods AIAN women with TD2 or a history of GDM (N = 5) were interviewed to understand their unique perspectives on diabetes and pregnancy, behaviors to reduce risk, and content for a PC education program for AIAN girls. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the constant comparison method to construct themes across the interviews. Results Four primary themes were constructed: lack of knowledge on GDM and GDM risk factors, importance of AIAN culture for health and wellness, suggestions for communication with AIAN girls to reduce risk of GDM, and the emotional impact of GDM diagnosis. Conclusions Participants wished they had known about risk factors for GDM and how to reduce their own risk of developing GDM. Findings from this study have been used to adapt an existing PC program, originally developed for non-AIAN girls with diabetes, for AIAN girls who do not have diabetes but have risk factors for developing GDM in future pregnancies.

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