Effects of virtual reality on pain, fear and anxiety during blood draw in children aged 5–12 years old: A randomised controlled study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1151-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülçin Özalp Gerçeker ◽  
Dijle Ayar ◽  
Emine Zahide Özdemir ◽  
Murat Bektaş
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Randomised Controlled Study ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Randomised Controlled

scholarly journals Effectiveness of three-dimensional printed and virtual reality models in learning the morphology of craniovertebral junction deformities: a multicentre, randomised controlled study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e036853
Author(s):  
Siyi Cai ◽  
Yu He ◽  
Haomin Cui ◽  
Xi Zhou ◽  
Dongsheng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Craniovertebral Junction ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomised Controlled Study ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectivesTo compare the effectiveness of three-dimensional printed (3DP), virtual reality (VR) and conventional normal physical (NP) models in clinical education regarding the morphology of craniovertebral junction (CVJ) deformities.DesignProspective, multicentre, randomised controlled study.SettingThree teaching hospitals in China.ParticipantsOne hundred and fifty-three participants in their first year of a 3-year medical residency programme.InterventionsAll participants were randomised to one of the three groups to learn the morphology of CVJ deformities using 3DP, VR or NP models.Primary outcome measuresThe objective outcomes were evaluated using three-level objective testing. In the first-level test, the participants were required to identify 15 anatomical landmarks on radiographs without CVJ deformities. In the second-level test, all participants were asked to identify the same 15 landmarks on radiographs showing classic CVJ deformities. In the third-level test, the participants were required to describe the key features of three classic cases of CVJ deformities depicted on radiographs. Each participant was also asked to answer four subjective questions to evaluate the importance and usefulness of the educational materials.ResultsIn the first-level test, the 3DP, VR and NP groups achieved similar correct rates. In the second-level test, the correct rate was higher in the 3DP group (82.1%±13.6%) than the VR and NP groups (76.9%±16.9% and 69.9%±20.0%, p=0.002). In the third-level test, the 3DP group achieved better correct rates regarding the description of key CVJ deformities features (66.2%±20.0%, p=0.049) than the other groups. The subjective tests showed that the 3DP model method was considered the most valuable approach for learning CVJ deformities.ConclusionsThe objective and subjective results show that the 3DP model is more effective teaching instrument than the NP model for learning the pathomorphology of CVJ deformities. The VR model also showed great efficacy, second to 3DP model, in improving participants’ understanding of CVJ deformities.

EFFECTS OF “HOE HOA TAN II” REMEDY IN THE TREATMENT OF INTERNAL HAEMORROHIDS GRADE I, II AND III

2015 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Van Anh Nguyen ◽  
Van Nhan Le ◽  
Nguyen Nhu Phuong Phan
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Radix Angelicae Sinensis ◽  
Randomised Controlled Study ◽  
Citrus Deliciosa ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Angelicae Sinensis

Objectives: To investigate and evaluate the therapeutic effects of Hoe hoa tan II in the treatment of internal haemorroids grade I, II and III. Ingredients of the remedy include: Hoe Hoa (Styphonolonium japonicum), Chi xac (Fructus citri Aurantii), Hau phac (Magnolia offinalis), Tran bi (Citrus deliciosa Tenore), Thuong thuat (Atractylodes lancea), O mai (Armeniaca vulgaris Lamk), Cam thao (Clycyrrhiza uralensis), Duong quy (Radix Angelicae Sinensis). Subjects and methods: Randomised controlled study (RCT) has been conducted on 60 patients which were divided into two groups, i.e. the first 30 patient group were treated with Hoe hoa tan II remedy 20 g, and the second 30 patient group were treated with Daflon 500 mg in the course of 14 days. Results: Study showed that Hoe hoa tan II has helped improve symptoms of internal haemorroids grade I, II and III such as bleeding, anal exudation, pain, reducing the size of the haemorroid tissues. The remedy has been shown to have the most significant effect on relieving constipation which is typical in haemorroids. The study also revealed no unwanted effects caused by this formula. Conclusion: Hoe hoa tan II can be therapeutically used to treat internal haemorroids grade I, II and III without causing any serious side effects. Key words: Hoe hoa tan II, internal haemorroids grade I, II, III.

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