Respecting Upper Facial Anatomy for Treating the Glabella with Neuromodulators to Avoid Medial Brow Ptosis – A Refined 3‐Point Injection Technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Cotofana ◽  
Angela P. Pedraza ◽  
Joely Kaufman ◽  
Luiz E.T. Avelar ◽  
Diana Gavril ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Injection Technique ◽  
Brow Ptosis ◽  
Point Injection ◽  
Facial Anatomy

scholarly journals Applied Anatomy for Botulinum Toxin Injection in Cosmetic Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-343
Author(s):  
Ayman D’Souza ◽  
Chew Lip Ng
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injection ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Optimal Outcome ◽  
Applied Anatomy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Facial Musculature ◽  
Upper Face ◽  
Facial Anatomy

Abstract Purpose of Review To provide the reader with a clear overview of facial anatomy as it relates to injection of botulinum toxin. Recent Findings The review suggests the presentation of multiple combinations of facial musculature, with the forehead, glabellar, and nasal base areas as particular areas of variation. Differences in musculature result in different wrinkling patterns; with age, these changes first become apparent in the upper face, particularly in the forehead and glabellar area. Summary Botulinum toxin is well suited to achieve the optimal outcome: it is popular, safe, and non-invasive and presents with few adverse effects. Though limited, when adverse effects do arise these are primarily related to poor injection technique, often fuelled by poor anatomical knowledge. For clinicians to achieve the best outcomes with botulinum toxin use, an understanding of the facial muscles’ anatomy, actions, and interactions is key. This paper discusses the broad and intricate detail regarding the key target muscles of botulinum toxin, based on both literature review and cadaveric dissection carried out by the authors.

Application of Supercritical Water Coupled with Toe-Point Injection Technique for Heavy Oil EOR: A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyuan Qu ◽  
Hanqiao Jiang ◽  
Junjian Li ◽  
Jinchuan Hu ◽  
Fengrui Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Point Injection
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