scholarly journals Monitoring muscle over three orders of magnitude: Widespread positive allometry among locomotor and body support musculature in the pectoral girdle of varanid lizards ( Varanidae )

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 (6) ◽  
pp. 1114-1135
Author(s):  
Robert L. Cieri ◽  
Taylor J. M. Dick ◽  
Christofer J. Clemente
Keyword(s):  
Pectoral Girdle ◽  
Positive Allometry ◽  
Body Support

REASSESSMENT OF THE MOSASAUR PECTORAL GIRDLE AND ITS ROLE IN AQUATIC LOCOMOTION

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiersten K. Formoso ◽  
◽  
Michael B. Habib ◽  
David J. Bottjer
Keyword(s):  
Pectoral Girdle ◽  
Aquatic Locomotion

Allometry and Paleoecology of Medial Miocene Dwarf Rhinoceroses from the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain

Paleobiology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Prothero ◽  
Paul C. Sereno
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
High Plains ◽  
Gulf Coastal Plain ◽  
Canine Tooth ◽  
Positive Allometry ◽  
Mammalian Faunas ◽  
The Common ◽  
Limb Proportions

Barstovian (medial Miocene) mammalian faunas from the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain contained four apparently sympatric species of rhinoceroses: the common forms Aphelops megalodus and Teleoceras medicornutus, a dwarf Teleoceras, and a dwarf Peraceras. Previous work has suggested positive allometry in tooth area with respect to body size in several groups of mammals, i.e., larger mammals have relatively more tooth area. However, dwarfing lineages were shown to have relatively more tooth area for their body size. Our data show no significant allometry in post-canine tooth area of either artiodactyls or ceratomorphs. Similarly, dwarf rhinoceroses and hippopotami show no more tooth area than would be predicted for their size. Limbs are proportionately longer and more robust in larger living ceratomorphs (rhinos and tapirs) than predicted by previous authors. Limb proportions of both dwarf rhinoceroses and dwarf hippopotami are even more robust than in their living relatives.The high rhinoceros diversity reflects the overall high diversity of Barstovian faunas from the Texas Gulf Coastal Plain. The first appearance of several High Plains mammals in these faunas indicates “ecotone”-like conditions as faunal composition changed. Study of living continental dwarfs shows that there is commonly an ecological separation between browsing forest dwarfs and their larger forebears, which are frequently savannah grazers. This suggests that the dwarf rhinoceroses might have been forest browsers which were sympatric with the larger grazing rhinos of the High Plains during the Barstovian invasion. The continental dwarf model also suggests that insular dwarfism may be explained by the browsing food resources that predominate on islands.

scholarly journals Estimating maximum bite performance in Tyrannosaurus rex using multi-body dynamics

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. T. Bates ◽  
P. L. Falkingham
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Ontogenetic Change ◽  
Positive Allometry ◽  
Musculoskeletal Models ◽  
Terrestrial Animal ◽  
Body Dynamics ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Scaling Analyses ◽  
Multi Body

Bite mechanics and feeding behaviour in Tyrannosaurus rex are controversial. Some contend that a modest bite mechanically limited T. rex to scavenging, while others argue that high bite forces facilitated a predatory mode of life. We use dynamic musculoskeletal models to simulate maximal biting in T. rex . Models predict that adult T. rex generated sustained bite forces of 35 000–57 000 N at a single posterior tooth, by far the highest bite forces estimated for any terrestrial animal. Scaling analyses suggest that adult T. rex had a strong bite for its body size, and that bite performance increased allometrically during ontogeny. Positive allometry in bite performance during growth may have facilitated an ontogenetic change in feeding behaviour in T. rex , associated with an expansion of prey range in adults to include the largest contemporaneous animals.

Effects of bilateral medial knee osteoarthritis on intra- and inter-limb contributions to body support during gait

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Hung Liu ◽  
Ting-Ming Wang ◽  
I-Pin Wei ◽  
Tung-Wu Lu ◽  
Shih-Wun Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Medial Knee ◽  
Medial Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Body Support

Vestibular memory-contingent saccades involve somatosensory input from the body support

Neuroreport ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1469-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Mergner ◽  
Gregor Nasios ◽  
Dimitri Anastasopoulos
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Somatosensory Input ◽  
Body Support

Ergonomics in the Dental Clinic

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (26) ◽  
pp. 197-200
Author(s):  
Rose-Ange Proteau
Keyword(s):  
Return To Work ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Pectoral Girdle ◽  
Dental Hygienists ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Arm Support ◽  
Muscular Effort

A number of dental hygienists have developed pathologies that cause them to be absent from work for long periods of time, and making it difficult for them to return to work. Hygienists' work involves extended static muscular effort in the neck and pectoral girdle, combined with recurrent dynamic movements of the wrist and fingers, associated with efforts to remove tartar from the teeth. Over the last two years, a dozen dental hygienists have consulted us for various shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand and finger problems. Changes in methods, instruments, equipment and the environment have allowed hygienists to adopt safer working positions. Reduced muscular activity was confirmed by EMG testing. The use of telescopic pivoting armrests has facilitated the adoption of new working methods by dental hygienists, and also provided needed arm support. A new concept for a pivoting armrest has been developed with round gel elbows-rests.

Use of a caudoventral-craniodorsal oblique radiographic view made at 45° to the frontal plane to evaluate the pectoral girdle in raptors

2015 ◽  
Vol 247 (9) ◽  
pp. 1037-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marike Visser ◽  
Adrien-Maxence Hespel ◽  
Marie de Swarte ◽  
Jamie R. Bellah
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Pectoral Girdle
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