Effect of Cold Application on Bruising and Pain Following Heparin Subcutaneous Injection: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-642
Author(s):  
Mina Mohammady ◽  
Narges Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cold Application

Cold application for pain and anxiety reduction following chest tube removal : A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Te Chen ◽  
Heng-Hsin Tung ◽  
Yen-Chin Chen ◽  
Jiun-Ling Wang ◽  
Sheng-Han Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Chest Tube ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Anxiety Reduction ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Tube Removal ◽  
Cold Application ◽  
Chest Tube Removal

Abstract Background and Objective: Data on the effects of cold application on reducing pain and anxiety after chest tube removal (CTR) are inconsistent. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of cold application on pain and anxiety reduction after CTR.Methods: We searched six databases, including Embase, Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, the Index to Taiwan Periodical Literature System, and Airiti Library, to identify relevant articles up to the end of February 2021. We limited the language to English and Chinese and the design to randomized controlled trials (RCTs). All studies were reviewed by two independent investigators. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool was used to assess the risk of bias, and Review Manager 5.4 was used to conduct the meta-analysis.Results: Ten RCTs with 623 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The use of cold application could effectively reduce immediate pain and had persistent effects on pain after CTR. There were significant effects of cold application on reducing anxiety. The meta-regression showed that a drop in skin temperature to the 13°C target of cold application was significantly more effective for the immediate reduction in pain intensity compared with receiving up to 20 minutes target of cold application.Conclusion: Cold application is a safe and easy-to-administer nonpharmacological method with immediate and persistent effects on pain and anxiety relief after CTR. In particular, skin temperature drops to the 13°C target of cold application were effective for immediate reduction of pain intensity following CTR.

scholarly journals Effect of Cold Application on Pain and Bruising in Patients With Subcutaneous Injection of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 107602962090534
Author(s):  
Haifeng Wang ◽  
Jingjing Guan ◽  
Xiaohan Zhang ◽  
Xinxin Wang ◽  
Tianliang Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cold Application ◽  
Larger Sample

To evaluate the effect of cold application on pain and bruising after the subcutaneous injection of low-molecular-weight heparin, 8 electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials and quasiexperimental studies from the inception of the databases to June 2019. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for the heterogeneity test and meta-analysis. A total of 8 studies including 694 participants were analyzed. The cold application group assessed with the Verbal Descriptor Scale pain assessment tool showed significant reductions in pain intensity immediately after injection. Compared to the control group, the cold application group showed a reduction in the occurrence of bruises at 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours after injection. There was no significant difference in the area of bruising in the cold application group at 48 hours after injection, but the area of bruising at 72 hours after injection was significantly reduced. These results show that cold application can reduce the incidence of pain and bruising after subcutaneous injection of low-molecular-weight heparin and reduce the area of bruising 72 hours after injection. Additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.

The effects of low-ratio n-6/n-3 PUFA on biomarkers of inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Wei ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Liyong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Long Chain

The purpose of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if low-ratio n-6/n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation affects serum inflammation markers based on current studies.

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