scholarly journals Morphological assessment of GABA and glutamate inputs to GnRH neurons in intact female mice using expansion microscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shel‐Hwa Yeo ◽  
Michel K. Herde ◽  
Allan E. Herbison
Keyword(s):  
Intact Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Gnrh Neurons ◽  
Morphological Assessment

scholarly journals Expression of type one cannabinoid receptor in different subpopulation of kisspeptin neurons and kisspeptin afferents to GnRH neurons in female mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Wilheim ◽  
Krisztina Nagy ◽  
Mahendravarman Mohanraj ◽  
Kamil Ziarniak ◽  
Masahiko Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Gnrh Neurons ◽  
Periventricular Area ◽  
Cycle Dependent

AbstractThe endocannabinoids have been shown to target the afferents of hypothalamic neurons via cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1) and thereby to influence their excitability at various physiological and/or pathological processes. Kisspeptin (KP) neurons form afferents of multiple neuroendocrine cells and influence their activity via signaling through a variation of co-expressed classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. The differential potency of endocannabinoids to influence the release of classical transmitters or neuropeptides, and the ovarian cycle-dependent functioning of the endocannabinoid signaling in the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons initiated us to study whether (a) the different subpopulations of KP neurons express CB1 mRNAs, (b) the expression is influenced by estrogen, and (c) CB1-immunoreactivity is present in the KP afferents to GnRH neurons. The aim of the study was to investigate the site- and cell-specific expression of CB1 in female mice using multiple labeling in situ hybridization and immunofluorescent histochemical techniques. The results support that CB1 mRNAs are expressed by both the GABAergic and glutamatergic subpopulations of KP neurons, the receptor protein is detectable in two-thirds of the KP afferents to GnRH neurons, and the expression of CB1 mRNA shows an estrogen-dependency. The applied estrogen-treatment, known to induce proestrus, reduced the level of CB1 transcripts in the rostral periventricular area of the third ventricle and arcuate nucleus, and differently influenced its co-localization with vesicular GABA transporter or vesicular glutamate transporter-2 in KP neurons. This indicates a gonadal cycle-dependent role of endocannabinoid signaling in the neuronal circuits involving KP neurons.

THE DURATION OF THE EFFECT OF ISOLOGOUS PITUITARY IMPLANTS ON THE ESTROUS CYCLES IN THE INTACT MOUSE

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
E. Odette Hagen ◽  
H. E. Rawlinson
Keyword(s):  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Intact Mouse ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Female Mice

Implantations of pituitary isografts into intact female mice cause marked irregularity and lengthening in estrous cycles. This phenomenon can be produced by a single implantation of two pituitaries. The effect is still apparent 10 to 12 months later. It can be produced although in reduced degree by implantations into animals a year old. The basic mechanism is considered to be a more sustained production of prolactin by the graft. The effects of such transplants are maintained for several months.

Effects on bone by the light/dark cycle and chronic treatment with melatonin and/or hormone replacement therapy in intact female mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula A. Witt-Enderby ◽  
John P. Slater ◽  
Nakpangi A. Johnson ◽  
Corry D. Bondi ◽  
Balasunder R. Dodda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Chronic Treatment ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Female Mice

The effect of estradiol, progesterone, and melatonin on estrous cycling and ovarian aromatase expression in intact female mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 80-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Bondi ◽  
C. Alonso-Gonzalez ◽  
W.P. Clafshenkel ◽  
M.P. Kotlarczyk ◽  
B.R. Dodda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intact Female ◽  
Aromatase Expression ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Estrous Cycling

Aging-related changes in RP3V kisspeptin neurons predate the reduced activation of GnRH neurons during the early reproductive decline in female mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Lumeng Yang ◽  
Nan Lin ◽  
Xiaodong Pan ◽  
Yuangui Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Mice ◽  
Gnrh Neurons

scholarly journals Rapid estrogen receptor-α signaling mediated by ERK activation regulates vascular tone in male and ovary-intact female mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (2) ◽  
pp. H330-H342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Chul Kim ◽  
Austin C. Boese ◽  
Matthew H. Moore ◽  
Rea M. Cleland ◽  
Lin Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Erk Activation ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Estrogenic Effects

Estrogen has been shown to affect vascular reactivity. Here, we assessed the estrogen receptor-α (ERα) dependency of estrogenic effects on vasorelaxation via a rapid nongenomic pathway in both male and ovary-intact female mice. We compared the effect of a primary estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2) or 4,4′,4″-(4-propyl-[1H]pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)tris-phenol (PPT; selective ERα agonist). We found that E2 and PPT induced greater aortic relaxation in female mice than in male mice, indicating ERα mediation, which was further validated by using ERα antagonism. Treatment with 1,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-[4-(2-piperidinylethoxy)phenol]-1H-pyrazole dihydrochloride (MPP dihydrochloride; ERα antagonist) attenuated PPT-mediated vessel relaxation in both sexes. ERα-mediated vessel relaxation was further validated by the absence of significant PPT-mediated relaxation in aortas isolated from ERα knockout mice. Treatment with a specific ERK inhibitor, PD-98059, reduced E2-induced vessel relaxation in both sexes but to a lesser extent in female mice. Furthermore, PD-98059 prevented PPT-induced vessel relaxation in both sexes. Both E2 and PPT treatment activated ERK as early as 5–10 min, which was attenuated by PD-98059 in aortic tissue, cultured primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and endothelial cells (ECs). Aortic rings denuded of endothelium showed no differences in vessel relaxation after E2 or PPT treatment, implicating a role of ECs in the observed sex differences. Here, our results are unique to show estrogen-stimulated rapid ERα signaling mediated by ERK activation in aortic tissue, as well as VSMCs and ECs in vitro, in regulating vascular function by using side-by-side comparisons in male and ovary-intact female mice in response to E2 or PPT. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we assessed the estrogen receptor-α dependency of estrogenic effects in vasorelaxation of both male and ovary-intact female mice by performing side-by-side comparisons. Also, we describe the connection between estrogen-stimulated rapid estrogen receptor-α signaling and downstream ERK activation in regulating vascular function in male and ovary-intact female mice.

scholarly journals Specialized Subpopulations of Kisspeptin Neurons Communicate With GnRH Neurons in Female Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devesh Kumar ◽  
Michael Candlish ◽  
Vinod Periasamy ◽  
Nergiz Avcu ◽  
Christian Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functional Specialization ◽  
Neuron Population ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Reproductive Maturation ◽  
Neuron Populations ◽  
Periventricular Nucleus ◽  
Gnrh Neurons

Abstract The neuropeptide kisspeptin is a potent stimulator of GnRH neurons and has been implicated as a major regulator of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. There are mainly two anatomically segregated populations of neurons that express kisspeptin in the female hypothalamus: one in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) and the other in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Distinct roles have been proposed for AVPV and ARC kisspeptin neurons during reproductive maturation and in mediating estrogen feedback on the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis in adults. Despite their pivotal role in the regulation of reproductive physiology, little is known about kisspeptin neuron connectivity. Although previous data suggest heterogeneity within the AVPV and ARC kisspeptin neuron populations, how many and which of these potential kisspeptin neuron subpopulations are actually communicating with GnRH neurons is not known. Here we used a combinatorial genetic transsynaptic tracing strategy to start to analyze the connectivity of individual kisspeptin neurons with the GnRH neuron population in female mice with a single-cell resolution. We find that only subsets of AVPV and ARC kisspeptin neurons are synaptically connected with GnRH neurons. We demonstrate that the majority of kisspeptin neurons within the AVPV and ARC does not communicate with GnRH neurons. Furthermore, we show that all kisspeptin neurons within the AVPV connected to GnRH neurons are estrogen sensitive and that most of these express tyrosine hydroxylase. Our data demonstrate functional specialization within the two kisspeptin neuron populations.

THE EFFECT OF GENISTEIN ON THE FERTILITY OF MICE

1955 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNE EAST
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Vaginal Opening ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Daily Intakes

SUMMARY Synthetic genistein, 5:7:4′-trihydroxy-isoflavone, proved to be oestrogenic (that is to say produced vaginal cornification) when included in the normal diet of immature, spayed and intact female mice in amounts calculated to give daily intakes of 2, 10 and 15 mg respectively. Consumption of genistein also precipitated vaginal opening in immature mice. The fertility of adult male mice fed 15 mg genistein daily for 22–25 days was more severely affected than that of adult females similarly treated for 31–55 days. Of ten males, five were rendered sterile and the fertility of three others was impaired. Two of ten females did not mate and abnormal numbers of still-born young were produced by the remaining animals. Four males and one female did not recover fertility when transferred to normal rations.

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