Kisspeptin Regulates Tuberoinfundibular Dopaminergic Neurones and Prolactin Secretion in an Oestradiol-Dependent Manner in Male and Female Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Ribeiro ◽  
C. M. Leite ◽  
B. Kalil ◽  
C. R. Franci ◽  
J. A. Anselmo-Franci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

scholarly journals Chronic Stress During Adolescence Blunts the Exercise-Induced Expression of Thyroid Hormone-Target Genes in Metabolically Active Tissues of Male and Female Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A974-A974
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Parra-Montes de Oca ◽  
Karen Lissette Garduño-Morales ◽  
Patricia Joseph-Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Hpt Axis

Abstract Voluntary exercise activates HPT axis1, that contributes to energy mobilization and energy expenditure. Chronic stress in adulthood inhibits HPT response to voluntary wheel running in a sex dependent manner, inhibiting lipolysis of WAT2. We evaluated the effect of chronic stress during adolescence on HPT axis response to voluntary exercise in adulthood3, with emphasis on metabolic response in skeletal muscle and WAT. Wistar male and female rats (N=36 per sex) were divided in an undisturbed group (Control, C; n=18) and one chronic variable stress during adolescence group (CVS; n=18) (males: PND 30-70; females: PND 30-60). As adults (males: PND 84; females: PND: 74) rats were divided in: 1) exercise group: rats placed individually in a cage with a running wheel per 14 nights, 2) sedentary group with ad libitum feeding, 3) sedentary pair-fed group offered the same amount of food consumed by the exercised group, and kept in individual cages during 14 nights (6 rats/group). WAT weight was determined at sacrifice, hormones quantified by RIA and ELISA, gene expression by RT-PCR. Exercise-induced loss of fat mass was not detected in CVS rats. Exercise decreased corticosterone levels in C males and females of both treatments, supporting sex difference on HPA axis reprogramming by CVS. HPT axis response to voluntary exercise is attenuated by CVS also in a sex dimorphic manner: CVS decreased Trh expression in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and no changes in thyroid hormones concentration in males, whereas in females, slightly increased TSH, T4 and T3 levels. Sex also influenced the response of skeletal muscle and WAT to CVS. Dio2 and Pgc1a slightly increased expression in skeletal muscle of males, not of females. Adrb3 expression in WAT increased in females, but not in males; exercise-induced stimulation of Hsl expression was not observed in either sex after CVS. These results suggest that CVS imposed during rat adolescence inhibits the responses to voluntary exercise of HPT axis activity of thyroid hormone-targets in WAT and skeletal muscle in sex dependent manner. These changes could lead to reduced mobilization and the utilization of energy fuels coincident with the fatigue observed after exercise in patients with subclinical or clinical hypothyroidism. (Funded: CONACYT 284883, DGAPA IN213419)1Uribe, Endocrinology 155:2020-2030, 2014.2Parra, Front Endocrinol 10(418):1-13, 2019.3Parra, J Endocr Soc 4(Abstract Supp) Abstract SAT-451, 2020.

Abstract P271: Delineating Sex-specific Mechanisms Of Impaired Vasoreactivity In Thermoneutrality

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hye Chun ◽  
Melissa M Henckel ◽  
Leslie A Knaub ◽  
Lori A Walker ◽  
Jane E Reusch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiration ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of hospitalization and death. CVD is characterized by impaired vasoreactivity and mitochondrial dysfunction. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), considered brown adipose tissue (BAT), surrounds the vasculature and regulates its response. Preliminary data with rats housed at either their thermoneutrality (TN, 30°C) or room temperature (RT, 22°C) showed diminished vasodilation in aorta from TN rats as compared with those from RT rats (10.2% ± 4.0% (0.159 g of vasodilation capacity, starting from maximal force constriction of 1.563 g) versus 64.2% ± 5.3% (0.909 g of 1.417 g, p<0.001). TN-housed rat aorta also showed less mitochondrial respiration with lipid substrates in multiple states (p<0.05). We hypothesize that remodeling of PVAT phenotype from BAT to white adipose tissue (WAT) may alter mitochondrial lipid utilization and cause vasoreactivity dysfunction. To test this, we housed male and female rats at either RT or TN and investigated their own PVAT + aorta or PVAT from the oppositely- housed animals along with each rat’s own aorta for vasoreactivity ex situ. There was diminished vasodilation in all TN animals with PVAT + aorta (29.2% ± 3.8% (0.269 g of 0.923 g) versus 37.6% ± 6.0% (0.255 g of 0.677 g), p<0.02), with only male animals showing a significant effect from PVAT (p<0.001). In aorta of TN-housed animals analyzed with PVAT from RT-housed animals, female vessels showed an increase in vasodilation capacity as compared to controls (56.8% ± 13.6% (0.589 g of 1.037 g) versus 5.2% ± 2.3% (0.028 g of 0.534 g), p<0.001), strongly suggesting that PVAT not only regulates vasoreactivity, but can repair TN-induced diminished dilation in a sex-dependent manner. All animals at TN had significantly less mitochondrial respiration with lipid substrates (p<0.05), with no sex differences. We further observed a significantly greater amount of lipids in PVAT from male TN-housed animals as compared to that in RT-housed animals (p<0.05), consistent with a WAT phenotype. Our data support that TN alters PVAT phenotype in a sex-dependent manner, resulting in dysfunctional vasoreactivity and mitochondrial function. These targets of CVD in both male and female animals are exciting avenues for novel therapeutics.

scholarly journals Effect of Methadone on Lipid Profile, Serum Leptin and Liver Enzymes Levels in Male and Female Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6428-6436
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) has been accepted as a gold-standard treatment for opioid therapy. It may associate with adverse effects. This study aimed to affect methadone on serum lipid profile, leptin levels, and liver enzymes in male and female rats. 41 Wistar rats weighing 200-300gr were randomly assigned into four groups, including two methadone treatments and two control groups, both male and female, that received 5mg/kg methadone or 1cc normal saline daily for 8 weeks respectively by gavage method. All animals were weighed weekly. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) was measured by a glucometer, and blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture for triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL),high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and leptin levels measurement after 12h fasting. One-way ANOVA showed no significant difference in mean FBS, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels among the four groups. Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean of HDL, ALT, AST, and ALP levels. Furthermore, repeated measures ANOVA indicated a significant increase in body weight of rats during 8 weeks. Our findings indicated changes in some metabolic effects associated with methadone treatment in a gender-dependent manner.

Abstract WP102: Cerebrolysin Improves Neurological Outcome in Rats After Acute Stroke: a Prospective, Randomized, Blinded, Placebo-controlled Study

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Michael Chopp ◽  
Mei Lu ◽  
Talan Zhang ◽  
Pardeep Pabla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Outcome ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Background and Purpose: Cerebrolysin is a mixture of neuropeptides and free amino acids that exert potent neuroprotective and neurorestorative properties in experimental models of stroke. We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind and placebo controlled dose-response study of Cerebrolysin in both male and female rats after embolic stroke. Methods: Randomization schemas were generated using nQuery3.0. Male and female Wistar rats (3-4 months) were subjected to embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). After confirming successful stroke with a 5 point neurological scale (Longa scale) at 3h after MCAO, ischemic rats were treated with Cerebrolysin at doses of (0.8, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5ml/kg) and saline based on the randomization schema 4h after MCAO and continued daily for a total of 10 consecutive days. The primary outcome was neurologic outcome measured by adhesive removal test, foot-fault test, and modified neurological severity score at day 28, lesion volume and mortality were secondary and safety outcomes, respectively. Results: There was a significant dose effect of Cerebrolysin on neurological functional improvement 28 day after MCAO. Cerebrolysin at a dose of ≥ 2.5ml/kg significantly (P<0.001) improved neurological outcome (Mean Estimate with 95%CL): 0.8ml/kg: 6.2 (-6.0/18.4), 2.5ml/kg: -28.9 (-41.6/-16.2), 5.0ml/kg: -33.4 (-45.0/-21.7), 7.5ml/kg: -36.3 (-48.2/-24.4). Higher doses (≥2.5ml/kg) resulted in better recovery; however, differences between effective doses were not significant. Treatment with 5ml/kg reduced lesion volume (19.5±8.9%) compared with saline treated rats (27.7±11.9%, P=0.016). No treatment gender interactions were found and there were no differences on mortality rate. Conclusion: Cerebrolysin in a dose-dependent manner significantly improved neurological outcomes in ischemic rats. Cerebrolysin at a dose of 5ml/kg reduced infarct volume. Our data on Cerebrolysin efficacy demonstrate the feasibility of a preclinical study setup following a randomized, placebo controlled, and blinded design with a clinical relevant treatment scheme.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF ADOLESCENT INTERMITTENT ETHANOL EXPOSURE IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS ON SOCIAL DRINKING AND NEUROPEPTIDE GENE EXPRESSION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Towner ◽  
Kimberly M Papastrat ◽  
Linda P Spear ◽  
Elena I Varlinskaya ◽  
David F Werner
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Lateral Septum ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Social Investigation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Social Drinking ◽  
Drinking Ethanol

Background: Alcohol use during adolescence can alter maturational changes that occur in brain regions associated with social and emotional responding. Our previous studies have shown that adult male, but not female rats demonstrate social anxiety-like alterations and enhanced sensitivity to ethanol-induced social facilitation following adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure. These consequences of AIE may influence adult social drinking in a sex-specific manner. Methods: To test effects of AIE on social drinking, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to water or ethanol [0 or 4 g/kg, intragastrically, every other day, between postnatal day (P) 25 and 45] were tested as adults (P72-83) in a social drinking paradigm (30-minute access to a 10% ethanol solution in supersac or supersac alone in groups of three same-sex littermates across two 4-day cycles separated by 4 days off). Social behavior was assessed during the last drinking session, with further assessment of oxytocin (OXT), oxytocin receptor (OXTR), vasopressin (AVP) and vasopressin receptors 1a and 1b (AVPR1a, AVPR1b) in the hypothalamus and lateral septum. Results: Males exposed to AIE consumed more ethanol than water-exposed controls during the second drinking cycle, whereas AIE did not affect supersac intake in males. AIE-exposed females consumed less ethanol and more supersac than water-exposed controls. Water-exposed females drinking ethanol showed more social investigation as well as significantly higher hypothalamic OXTR, AVP, and AVPR1b gene expression than their counterparts ingesting supersac and AIE females drinking ethanol. In males, hypothalamic AVPR1b gene expression was affected by drinking solution, with significantly higher expression evident in males drinking ethanol than those consuming supersac. Conclusions: Collectively, these findings provide new evidence regarding sex-specific effects of AIE on social drinking and suggest that the hypothalamic OXT and AVP systems are implicated in the effects of ingested ethanol on social behavior in a sex- and adolescent exposure-dependent manner.

scholarly journals The Poststroke Peripheral Immune Response Is Differentially Regulated by Leukemia Inhibitory Factor in Aged Male and Female Rodents

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Davis ◽  
Lisa A. Collier ◽  
Sarah J. Messmer ◽  
Keith R. Pennypacker
Keyword(s):  
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Spleen Tissue ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. The goal of this study was to determine whether leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) promotes anti-inflammatory activity after stroke in a sex-dependent manner. Methods. Aged (18-month-old) Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes underwent sham surgery or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Animals received three doses of intravenous LIF (125 μg/kg) or PBS at 6, 24, and 48 h before euthanization at 72 h. Spleen weights were measured immediately following euthanization. Western blot was used to measure protein levels of CCL8, CD11b, CXCL9, CXCL10, IL-12 p40, IL-3, and the LIF receptor (LIFR) in spleen tissue. ELISA was used to measure IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and IFNγ in spleen tissue. A Griess Assay was used to indirectly quantify NO levels via measurement of nitrite. Levels of cellular markers and inflammatory mediators were normalized to the baseline (sham) group from each sex. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and followed by Fisher’s LSD post hoc test. Results. Aged female rats showed a significantly lower spleen weight after MCAO, but showed a significant increase in spleen size after LIF treatment. This effect was observed in aged male rats, but not to as great of an extent. CD11b levels were significantly higher in the spleens of MCAO+PBS males compared to their female counterparts, but there was no significant difference in CD11b levels between MCAO+LIF males and females. LIF significantly increased CXCL9 after LIF treatment in aged male and female rats. LIFR and IL-3 were upregulated after LIF treatment in aged females. Splenic nitrate increased after MCAO but decreased after LIF treatment in aged females. Splenic nitrate levels did not increase after MCAO but did increase after LIF treatment in aged males. The following cytokines/chemokines were not altered by sex or treatment: TNFα, IL-6, IL-12 p40, CCL8, IFNγ, and CXCL10. Conclusions. LIF treatment after permanent MCAO induces sex-dependent effects on the poststroke splenic response and the production of proinflammatory cytokines among aged rats.

scholarly journals Distinguishing the behavioral potencies of α-pyrrolidino-phenone cathinone stimulants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Taffe ◽  
Jacques D Nguyen ◽  
Sophia A Vandewater ◽  
Yanabel Grant ◽  
Tobin J Dickerson
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Designer Drugs ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Wheel Activity ◽  
Legal Controls

The α-pyrrolidino-phenone cathinone stimulants first came to widespread attention because of bizarre behavior consequent to the use of α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone (α-PVP, "flakka") reported in the popular press. As with other designer drugs, diversification of cathiones has been driven by desireable subjective effects, but also by attempts to stay ahead of legal controls of specific molecules. The α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone (α-PHP) and α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (α-PPP) compounds have been relatively under-investigated relative to α-PVP and provide a key opportunity to also investigate structure-activity relationships, i.e., how the extension of the alpha carbon chain may affect potency or efficacy. Male and female rats were used to contrast the effects of α-PHP and α-PPP with those of α-PVP in altering wheel activity and effects on spontaneous locomotion and body temperature were assessed in female rats. The α-PHP and α-PVP compounds (5, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) suppressed wheel activity in female and male rats, whereas α-PPP was only effective in female rats. Inhalation of α-PHP or α-PVP by female rats suppressed wheel activity for an abbreviated duration, compared with the injection route. Spontaneous activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner by all three compounds in female rats, and a small decrements in body temperature were observed after the highest dose of all three compounds. These data show that all three of the α-pyrrolidino-phenone cathinones exhibit significant stimulant-like activity in both male and female rats. Differences were minor and were mostly in potency and the duration of activity. Abuse liability is therefore likely to be equivalent for all three pyrrolidino-phenones.

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