scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Early-Life Exposure to Environmental Oestrogens on Ovarian Function: Role of Epigenetics

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 613-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cruz ◽  
W. Foster ◽  
A. Paredes ◽  
K. D. Yi ◽  
M. Uzumcu
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Early Life Exposure

scholarly journals What Do We Know About Short- and Long-Term Effects of Early-Life Exposure to Pollution?

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Currie ◽  
Joshua Graff Zivin ◽  
Jamie Mullins ◽  
Matthew Neidell
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals What Do We Know About Short and Long Term Effects of Early Life Exposure to Pollution?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Currie ◽  
Joshua S. Graff Zivin ◽  
Jamie Mullins ◽  
Matthew Neidell
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Short And Long Term

Short- and long-term effects of early life exposure to concentrate or hay on feed sorting and rumen fermentation

2021 ◽  
pp. 115010
Author(s):  
Jianxin Xiao ◽  
Muhammad Zahoor Khan ◽  
Gibson Maswayi Alugongo ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Yulin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals Early-life exposure to Ivermectin alters long-term growth and disease susceptibility

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258185
Author(s):  
Taegan A. McMahon ◽  
Shannon Fernandez-Denmark ◽  
Jeffrey M. Grim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Early Life Exposure

Ivermectin is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic medicine, which is often used as a treatment for parasites or as a prophylaxis. While studies have looked at the long-term effects of Ivermectin on helminths, studies have not considered the long-term impacts of this treatment on host health or disease susceptibility. Here, we tracked the effects of early life Ivermectin treatment in Cuban tree frogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis) on growth rates, mortality, metabolically expensive organ size, and susceptibility to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infection. One year after exposure, there was no effect of Ivermectin exposure on frog mass (X21 = 0.904, p = 0.34), but when tracked through the exponential growth phase (~2.5 years) the Ivermectin exposed individuals had lower growth rates and were ultimately smaller (X21 = 7.78, p = 0.005; X21 = 5.36, p = 0.02, respectively). These results indicate that early life exposure is likely to have unintended impacts on organismal growth and potentially reproductive fitness. Additionally, we exposed frogs to Bd, a pathogenic fungus that has decimated amphibian populations globally, and found early life exposure to Ivermectin decreased disease susceptibility (disease load: X21 = 17.57, p = 0.0002) and prevalence (control: 55%; Ivermectin: 22%) over 2 years after exposure. More research is needed to understand the underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon. Given that Ivermectin exposure altered disease susceptibility, proper controls should be implemented when utilizing this drug as an antiparasitic treatment in research studies.

scholarly journals Early-life nicotine or cotinine exposure produces long-lasting sleep alterations and downregulation of hippocampal corticosteroid receptors in adult mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bastianini ◽  
Viviana Lo Martire ◽  
Sara Alvente ◽  
Chiara Berteotti ◽  
Gabriele Matteoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Corticosteroid Receptors ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
Time Awake ◽  
And Function ◽  
Sleep Alterations

AbstractEarly-life exposure to environmental toxins like tobacco can permanently re-program body structure and function. Here, we investigated the long-term effects on mouse adult sleep phenotype exerted by early-life exposure to nicotine or to its principal metabolite, cotinine. Moreover, we investigated whether these effects occurred together with a reprogramming of the activity of the hippocampus, a key structure to coordinate the hormonal stress response. Adult male mice born from dams subjected to nicotine (NIC), cotinine (COT) or vehicle (CTRL) treatment in drinking water were implanted with electrodes for sleep recordings. NIC and COT mice spent significantly more time awake than CTRL mice at the transition between the rest (light) and the activity (dark) period. NIC and COT mice showed hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) downregulation compared to CTRL mice, and NIC mice also showed hippocampal mineralocorticoid receptor downregulation. Hippocampal GR expression significantly and inversely correlated with the amount of wakefulness at the light-to-dark transition, while no changes in DNA methylation were found. We demonstrated that early-life exposure to nicotine (and cotinine) concomitantly entails long-lasting reprogramming of hippocampal activity and sleep phenotype suggesting that the adult sleep phenotype may be modulated by events that occurred during that critical period of life.

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