Long-Term Impact of Early Life Events on Physiology and Behaviour

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 587-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Boersma ◽  
T. L. Bale ◽  
P. Casanello ◽  
H. E. Lara ◽  
A. B. Lucion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Early Life Events

Primate Infancies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Hawkes ◽  
James S. Chisholm ◽  
Lynn A. Fairbanks ◽  
Johannes Johow ◽  
Elfriede Kalcher-Sommersguter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Early Life Events ◽  
Mothering Style

Bowlby recognized that studying other primates could help identify the needs of human infants; his evolutionary perspective has had a wide impact on understanding of human development. Much more is now known about evolutionary processes and variation, within and between species. This chapter reviews aspects of evolutionary theory and primatology relevant to Bowlby’s theory of attachment. Beginning with primate phylogeny, ecological and social forces that contribute to the varieties of primate sociality are considered and some reasons canvassed that explain why primatologists do not all agree on the choice of words to describe the relationships between animals, including use of the term “attachment.” Variations and commonalities are identified and used to explore how development in human infants can be understood in terms of social relationships and maturational state at birth and weaning compared to other primates. Infant experience has long-term effects in primates other than humans. Some of that evidence is summarized and special attention is given to interactions between particular chimpanzee mothers and infants in an unusual setting, where trusting relationships between mothers and human researchers reveal variations in mothering style that appear to result from early life events, recent experience, and social context.

Early-life events. Effects on aging

HORMONES ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eero Kajantie
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Events

The developing world of DOHaD

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Early Life Events

Since its debut in a ground-breaking report by Barker and Osmond in 1986, the concept of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) has been further developed in several aspects. Its methodology and conclusions relating to proposed origins and outcomes of early life events have been developing and spreading internationally. Indeed, the DOHaD concept now seems to have influenced many fields of research. This article aims to briefly review why the DOHaD concept is important in biomedical science, how it has developed, is currently developing, and how it should develop in future.

scholarly journals Stress Response and Perinatal Reprogramming: Unraveling (Mal)adaptive Strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Musazzi ◽  
Jordan Marrocco
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Behavioral Stress ◽  
Corticosteroid Hormones ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmission ◽  
Early Life Events

Environmental stressors induce coping strategies in the majority of individuals. The stress response, involving the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and the consequent release of corticosteroid hormones, is indeed aimed at promoting metabolic, functional, and behavioral adaptations. However, behavioral stress is also associated with fast and long-lasting neurochemical, structural, and behavioral changes, leading to long-term remodeling of glutamate transmission, and increased susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders. Of note, early-life events, bothin uteroand during the early postnatal life, trigger reprogramming of the stress response, which is often associated with loss of stress resilience and ensuing neurobehavioral (mal)adaptations. Indeed, adverse experiences in early life are known to induce long-term stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders in vulnerable individuals. Here, we discuss recent findings about stress remodeling of excitatory neurotransmission and brain morphology in animal models of behavioral stress. These changes are likely driven by epigenetic factors that lie at the core of the stress-response reprogramming in individuals with a history of perinatal stress. We propose that reprogramming mechanisms may underlie the reorganization of excitatory neurotransmission in the short- and long-term response to stressful stimuli.

Early life events and later risk of colorectal cancer: age-period-cohort modelling in the Nordic countries and Estonia

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Svensson ◽  
B. Møller ◽  
S. Tretli ◽  
L. Barlow ◽  
G. Engholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Early Life Events

Early life events and motor development in childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal study

2016 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. e219-e227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tegan Grace ◽  
Max Bulsara ◽  
Monique Robinson ◽  
Beth Hands
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Early Life Events

Early and late life events and salivary cortisol in older persons

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1569-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gerritsen ◽  
M. I. Geerlings ◽  
A. T. F. Beekman ◽  
D. J. H. Deeg ◽  
B. W. J. H. Penninx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Morning Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Early Life Events

BackgroundIt has been hypothesized that stressful life events are associated with changes in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis regulation, which increases susceptibility to psychiatric disorders. We investigated the association of early and late life events with HPA axis regulation in older persons.MethodWithin the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) 1055 participants (47% male), aged 63–93 years, collected saliva within 30 min after waking and late in the evening. Early and late life events were assessed during a home interview. The associations between life events and cortisol levels were examined using linear regression and analysis of covariance with adjustments for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors and depressive symptoms.ResultsWithin our sample, the median morning and evening cortisol levels were 15.0 nmol/l [interdecile range (10–90%): 7.4–27.0 nmol/l] and 2.8 nmol/l (10–90%: 1.5–6.3 nmol/l), respectively. Persons who reported early life events showed lower levels of natural log-transformed morning cortisol [B=−0.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.17 to −0.04] and flattened diurnal variability of cortisol (B=−1.06, 95% CI −2.05 to −0.08). Those reporting two or more late life events showed higher levels of natural log-transformed morning cortisol (B=0.10, 95% CI 0.02–0.18) and higher diurnal variability (B=1.19, 95% CI 0.05–2.33). No associations were found with evening cortisol.ConclusionsThe results of this large population-based study of older persons suggest a differential association of early and late life events with HPA axis regulation; early life events were associated with a relative hypo-secretion of morning cortisol and flattened diurnal variability, while late life events were associated with elevated secretion of morning cortisol and high diurnal variability of cortisol.

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