scholarly journals Increasing carbohydrate availability in the hindgut promotes hypothalamic neurotransmitter synthesis: aromatic amino acids linking the microbiota–brain axis

2019 ◽  
Vol 149 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kan Gao ◽  
Yu Pi ◽  
Chun‐Long Mu ◽  
Aitak Farzi ◽  
Zhuang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Carbohydrate Availability ◽  
Neurotransmitter Synthesis

The Efficient Preparation of Radiolabeled Aromatic Amino Acids via Cu-Mediated Radiofluorination using Ni-complexes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Craig ◽  
N Kolks ◽  
E Urusova ◽  
BD Zlatopolskiy ◽  
B Neumaier
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids

Long term dietary intake of aromatic amino acids are associated with leptin gene expression in adipose tissues of non-diabetic adults

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golaleh Asghari ◽  
Emad Yuzbashian ◽  
Maryam Zarkesh ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissues

Single Amino Acid Based Self-Assemblies of Cysteine and Methionine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Gour ◽  
Bharti Koshti ◽  
Chandra Kanth P. ◽  
Dhruvi Shah ◽  
Vivek Shinh Kshatriya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Neutral Condition ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assays ◽  
First Time

We report for the very first time self-assembly of Cysteine and Methionine to discrenible strucutres under neutral condition. To get insights into the structure formation, thioflavin T and Congo red binding assays were done which revealed that aggregates may not have amyloid like characteristics. The nature of interactions which lead to such self-assemblies was purported by coincubating assemblies in urea and mercaptoethanol. Further interaction of aggregates with short amyloidogenic dipeptide diphenylalanine (FF) was assessed. While cysteine aggregates completely disrupted FF fibres, methionine albeit triggered fibrillation. The cytotoxicity assays of cysteine and methionine structures were performed on Human Neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells which suggested that aggregates are not cytotoxic in nature and thus, may not have amyloid like etiology. The results presented in the manuscript are striking, since to the best of our knowledge,this is the first report which demonstrates that even non-aromatic amino acids (cysteine and methionine) can undergo spontaneous self-assembly to form ordered aggregates.

Atypical amino acids inhibit histidine, valine, or lysine transport into rat brain

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (4) ◽  
pp. R556-R563 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Tews ◽  
A. E. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Basic Amino Acids ◽  
Large Neutral Amino Acids ◽  
Neutral Amino Acids ◽  
Single Meal

Transport of histidine, valine, or lysine into rat brain slices and across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was determined in the presence of atypical nonprotein amino acids. Competitors of histidine and valine transport in slices were large neutral amino acids including norleucine, norvaline, alpha-aminooctanoate, beta-methylphenylalanine, and alpha-aminophenylacetate. Less effective were aromatic amino acids with ring substituents; ineffective were basic amino acids and omega-amino isomers of norleucine and aminooctanoate. Lysine transport was moderately depressed by homoarginine or ornithine plus arginine; large neutral amino acids were also similarly inhibitory. Histidine or valine transport across the BBB was also strongly inhibited by large neutral amino acids that were the most effective competitors in the slices (norvaline, norleucine, alpha-aminooctanoate, and alpha-aminophenylacetate); homoarginine and 8-aminooctanoate were ineffective. Homoarginine, ornithine, and arginine almost completely blocked lysine transport, but the large neutral amino acids were barely inhibitory. When rats were fed a single meal containing individual atypical large neutral amino acids or homoarginine, brain pools of certain large neutral amino acids or of arginine and lysine, respectively, were depleted.

scholarly journals Yeast TKL1 gene encodes a transketolase that is required for efficient glycolysis and biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids.

1993 ◽  
Vol 268 (32) ◽  
pp. 24346-24352
Author(s):  
M Sundström ◽  
Y Lindqvist ◽  
G Schneider ◽  
U Hellman ◽  
H Ronne
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids

scholarly journals Association between alterations in plasma metabolome profiles and laminitis in intensively finished Holstein bulls in a randomized controlled study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Christiane Bäßler ◽  
Ákos Kenéz ◽  
Theresa Scheu ◽  
Christian Koch ◽  
Ulrich Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotype ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Holstein Bulls

AbstractMetabolic consequences of an energy and protein rich diet can compromise metabolic health of cattle by promoting a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Laminitis is a common clinical sign, but affected metabolic pathways, underlying pathophysiology and causative relationships of a systemic pro-inflammatory phenotype are unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate changes in metabolome profiles of 20 months old Holstein bulls fed a high energy and protein diet and to identify novel metabolites and affected pathways, associated with diet-related laminitis. In a randomized controlled feeding trial using bulls fed a high energy and protein diet (HEP; metabolizable energy [ME] intake 169.0 ± 1.4 MJ/day; crude protein [CP] intake 2.3 ± 0.02 kg/day; calculated means ± SEM; n = 15) versus a low energy and protein diet (LEP; ME intake 92.9 ± 1.3 MJ/day; CP intake 1.0 ± 0.01 kg/day; n = 15), wide ranging effects of HEP diet on metabolism were demonstrated with a targeted metabolomics approach using the AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit (Biocrates Life Sciences). Multivariate statistics revealed that lower concentrations of phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins and higher concentrations of lyso-phosphatidylcholines, branched chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids were associated with an inflammatory state of diet-related laminitis in Holstein bulls fed a HEP diet. The latter two metabolites share similarities with changes in metabolism of obese humans, indicating a conserved pathophysiological role. The observed alterations in the metabolome provide further explanation on the underlying metabolic consequences of excessive dietary nutrient intake.

scholarly journals Xylo-Oligosaccharides in Prevention of Hepatic Steatosis and Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Associating Taxonomic and Metabolomic Patterns in Fecal Microbiomes with Biclustering

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4049
Author(s):  
Jukka Hintikka ◽  
Sanna Lensu ◽  
Elina Mäkinen ◽  
Sira Karvinen ◽  
Marjaana Honkanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Branched Chain

We have shown that prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) increased beneficial gut microbiota (GM) and prevented high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, but the mechanisms associated with these effects are not clear. We studied whether XOS affects adipose tissue inflammation and insulin signaling, and whether the GM and fecal metabolome explain associated patterns. XOS was supplemented or not with high (HFD) or low (LFD) fat diet for 12 weeks in male Wistar rats (n = 10/group). Previously analyzed GM and fecal metabolites were biclustered to reduce data dimensionality and identify interpretable groups of co-occurring genera and metabolites. Based on our findings, biclustering provides a useful algorithmic method for capturing such joint signatures. On the HFD, XOS-supplemented rats showed lower number of adipose tissue crown-like structures, increased phosphorylation of AKT in liver and adipose tissue as well as lower expression of hepatic miRNAs. XOS-supplemented rats had more fecal glycine and less hypoxanthine, isovalerate, branched chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids. Several bacterial genera were associated with the metabolic signatures. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of XOS on hepatic steatosis involved decreased adipose tissue inflammation and likely improved insulin signaling, which were further associated with fecal metabolites and GM.

scholarly journals Theoretical Analyses of Photoinduced Electron Transfer from Aromatic Amino Acids to the Excited Flavins in Some Flavoproteins

10.5772/38078 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiattisak Lugsanangarm ◽  
Nadtanet Nunthaboot ◽  
Somsak Pianwanit ◽  
Sirirat Kokpol ◽  
Fumio Tanak
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Photoinduced Electron Transfer ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Theoretical Analyses
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