scholarly journals Effects of a dietary ketone ester on hippocampal glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and amino acids in a 3xTgAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Pawlosky ◽  
Martin F. Kemper ◽  
Yoshihero Kashiwaya ◽  
Michael Todd King ◽  
Mark P. Mattson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates ◽  
Ketone Ester

scholarly journals A ketone ester diet exhibits anxiolytic and cognition-sparing properties, and lessens amyloid and tau pathologies in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1530-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Kashiwaya ◽  
Christian Bergman ◽  
Jong-Hwan Lee ◽  
Ruiqian Wan ◽  
M. Todd King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Ketone Ester

scholarly journals A Dietary Ketone Ester Normalizes Abnormal Behavior in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Robert J. Pawlosky ◽  
Yoshihero Kashiwaya ◽  
M. Todd King ◽  
Richard L. Veech
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Brain Glucose ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Brain Glucose Utilization ◽  
Ketone Ester

Because of a decreased sensitivity toward insulin, a key regulator of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), Alzheimer’s patients have lower brain glucose utilization with reductions in Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle metabolites such as citrate, a precursor to n-acetyl-aspartate. In the 3xTgAd mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), aging mice also demonstrate low brain glucose metabolism. Ketone metabolism can overcome PDH inhibition and restore TCA cycle metabolites, thereby enhancing amino acid biosynthesis. A ketone ester of d-β-hydroxybutyrate was incorporated into a diet (Ket) and fed to 3xTgAd mice. A control group was fed a calorically matched diet (Cho). At 15 months of age, the exploratory and avoidance-related behavior patterns of the mice were evaluated. At 16.5 months of age, the animals were euthanized, and their hippocampi were analyzed for citrate, α-ketoglutarate, and amino acids. In the hippocampi of the Ket-fed mice, there were higher concentrations of citrate and α-ketoglutarate as well as higher concentrations of glutamate, aspartate and n-acetyl-aspartate compared with controls. There were positive associations between (1) concentrations of aspartate and n-acetyl-aspartate (n = 14, R = 0.9327), and (2) α-ketoglutarate and glutamate (n = 14, R = 0.8521) in animals maintained on either diet. Hippocampal n-acetyl-aspartate predicted the outcome of several exploratory and avoidance-related behaviors. Ketosis restored citrate and α-ketoglutarate in the hippocampi of aging mice. Higher concentrations of n-acetyl-aspartate corresponded with greater exploratory activity and reduced avoidance-related behavior.

scholarly journals Glycolytic origin of alanine formed in rat diaphragm muscle in vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Caldecourt ◽  
D J Cox ◽  
M C Sugden ◽  
T N Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates ◽  
Alanine Production

In quarter-diaphragms from 40 h-starved rats the rate of glycogen mobilization is sufficient to account for the rate of lactate+pyruvate+alanine production. It is concluded, therefore, that alanine derives its carbon skeleton predominantly via glycolysis and not via synthesis de novo from tricarboxylic acid-cycle intermediates and related amino acids.

scholarly journals Chemotaxis of Silicibacter sp. Strain TM1040 toward Dinoflagellate Products

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 4692-4701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd R. Miller ◽  
Kristin Hnilicka ◽  
Amanda Dziedzic ◽  
Paula Desplats ◽  
Robert Belas
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Chemotactic Response ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Screening Assay ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Exogenous Addition ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Intermediates

ABSTRACT The α-proteobacteria phylogenetically related to the Roseobacter clade are predominantly responsible for the degradation of organosulfur compounds, including the algal osmolyte dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). Silicibacter sp. strain TM1040, isolated from a DMSP-producing Pfiesteria piscicida dinoflagellate culture, degrades DMSP, producing 3-methylmercaptopropionate. TM1040 possesses three lophotrichous flagella and is highly motile, leading to a hypothesis that TM1040 interacts with P. piscicida through a chemotactic response to compounds produced by its dinoflagellate host. A combination of a rapid chemotaxis screening assay and a quantitative capillary assay were used to measure chemotaxis of TM1040. These bacteria are highly attracted to dinoflagellate homogenates; however, the response decreases when homogenates are preheated to 80°C. To help identify the essential attractant molecules within the homogenates, a series of pure compounds were tested for their ability to serve as attractants. The results show that TM1040 is strongly attracted to amino acids and DMSP metabolites, while being only mildly responsive to sugars and the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Adding pure DMSP, methionine, or valine to the chemotaxis buffer resulted in a decreased response to the homogenates, indicating that exogenous addition of these chemicals blocks chemotaxis and suggesting that DMSP and amino acids are essential attractant molecules in the dinoflagellate homogenates. The implication of Silicibacter sp. strain TM1040 chemotaxis in establishing and maintaining its interaction with P. piscicida is discussed.

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