Regulation of emotional memory by hydrogen sulfide: role of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor in the amygdala

: There is considerable evidence in the heart that autophagy in cardiomyocytes is activated by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) or in hearts by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Depending upon the experimental model and duration of ischemia, increases in autophagy in this setting maybe beneficial (cardioprotective) or deleterious (exacerbate I/R injury). Aside from the conundrum as to whether or not autophagy is an adaptive process, it is clearly regulated by a number of diverse molecules including reactive oxygen species (ROS), various kinases, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO). The purpose this review is to address briefly the controversy regarding the role of autophagy in this setting and to examine a variety of disparate molecules that are involved in its regulation.

Download Full-text

Taurine treatment reverses protein malnutrition-induced endothelial dysfunction of the pancreatic vasculature: the role of hydrogen sulfide

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154701 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 154701

Author(s):

Daniele M. Guizoni ◽

Israelle N. Freitas ◽

Jamaira A. Victorio ◽

Isabela R. Possebom ◽

Thiago R. Araujo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Protein Malnutrition ◽

Taurine Treatment

Download Full-text

Metabotropic glutamate receptor dependent EPSP and EPSP-spike potentiation in area CA1 of the submerged rat hippocampal slice

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.1996.76.5.3126 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (5) ◽

pp. 3126-3135 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

N. A. Breakwell ◽

M. J. Rowan ◽

R. Anwyl

Keyword(s):

Nmda Receptor ◽

Receptor Antagonist ◽

Cell Body ◽

Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽

Long Term Potentiation ◽

High Frequency Stimulation ◽

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential ◽

Area Ca1 ◽

Gabaa Receptor Antagonist

1. We reexamined the important areas of conflict in (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid [(1S,3R)-ACPD]-induced potentiation of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and, for the first time, investigated the role of mGluRs in EPSP-spike (E-S) coupling. 2. (1S,3R)-ACPD (10 microM) bath applied for 20 min consistently induced a long-lasting potentiation of the dendritic EPSP in area CA1 of submerged rat hippocampal slices, which was considerably faster in onset than described previously. 3. This effect was not associated with any change in presynaptic fiber volley but was dependent on both an intact CA3 connection, because removal of area CA3 blocked (1S,3R)-ACPD-induced potentiation, and also on functional N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, because (1S,3R)-ACPD-induced potentiation was blocked by inclusion of the NMDA receptor antagonist D(-)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5; 50 microM). 4. (1S,3R)-ACPD induced a long-lasting potentiation of the population spike (PS) amplitude that was consistently larger than that of the EPSP measured in the cell body area. This EPSP-PS (E-S) potentiation was blocked by inclusion of the gamma-aminobuturic acid-A (GABAA) receptor antagonist, picrotoxin (50 microM). 5. E-S potentiation induced by high-frequency stimulation (HFS), which was of the same magnitude as that induced by (1S,3R)-ACPD, was blocked by the mGluR-selective antagonist (+)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (+MCPG; 250 microM). +MCPG also blocked HFS-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) of the EPSP measured in the cell body. 6. These results suggest that (1S,3R)-ACPD-induced potentiation is NMDA receptor dependent, contrary to some previous findings, and provide further evidence that both synaptic and E-S potentiation induced by (1S,3R)-ACPD share common mechanisms of expression with HFS-induced LTP. The data emphasize the important role of mGluRs in induction of EPSP LTP and E-S potentiation.

Download Full-text

Selectively Interfering With Intrusive but Not Voluntary Memories of a Trauma Film: Accounting for the Role of Associative Memory

Clinical Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/2167702621998315 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 216770262199831

Author(s):

Alex Lau-Zhu ◽

Richard N. Henson ◽

Emily A. Holmes

Keyword(s):

Emotional Disorders ◽

Traumatic Event ◽

Emotional Memory ◽

Control Procedure ◽

Witness Testimony ◽

Intrusive Memories ◽

Therapeutic Benefits ◽

Selective Interference ◽

Intrusive Memory

Intrusive memories of a traumatic event can be reduced by a subsequent interference procedure, seemingly sparing voluntary memory for that event. This selective-interference effect has potential therapeutic benefits (e.g., for emotional disorders) and legal importance (e.g., for witness testimony). However, the measurements of intrusive memory and voluntary memory typically differ in the role of associations between a cue and the emotional memory “hotspots.” To test this, we asked participants to watch a traumatic film followed by either an interference procedure (reminder plus Tetris) or control procedure (reminder only). Measurement of intrusions (using a laboratory task) and voluntary memory (recognition for film stills) were crossed with the presence or absence of associative cues. The reminder-plus-Tetris group exhibited fewer intrusions despite comparable recognition memory, replicating the results of prior studies. Note that this selective interference did not appear to depend on associative cues. This involuntary versus voluntary memory dissociation for emotional material further supports separate-trace memory theories and has applied advantages.

Download Full-text