Vaginal Candidiasis (Yeast Infection)

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis is also known as vaginal yeast infection and candida vulvovaginitis there is excessive growth of yeast in vagina which leads to vaginal thrush. The sign and symptoms of vulvovaginal candidiasis includes severe vaginal discharge and itching. The symptoms get more before menstruation. The other symptoms show pain during sex, burning urination and redness over vagina. This infection mostly occurs due to excessive amount of growth of candida. According to research in all around 75% of total women suffer from vaginal candidiasis once in their lifetime and around 5% of the women suffer from twice or thrice. The preventive measures include wearing cotton undergarment rather than wearing synthetic and wearing loose cotton cloths. Objective: This study is planned to assess screening and risk factors associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis among pregnant women. Methodology: The Descriptive Evaluatory Research Design used for data collection procedure will be required 1 week per plan. 7-8 High vaginal swab are taken from gynae Opd in a day accordingly data will be collected. The number of pregnant women will be taken from Gynae Opd who come for check-up on the regular basis. Soon after their check-up written consent form will be given and sample will be collected. Then interview will be taken with the following questionnaires prepared according to the risk factors assessment scale. The pregnant women will be selected non-Probability convenient sampling technique. Conclusion: Reproductive age group women have more risk of developing vulvovaginal candidiasis, because of High oestrogen levels cause an increased glycogen load in epithelium, which is a nutritional source for growth of candida & germination. Vulvovaginal candidiasis the most common gynaecologic diagnosis in the primary care setting. So, the available statistics say that there is a need for the study regarding the assessment and screening of vulvovaginal candidiasis among pregnant women.

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A Study of Oral VT-1161 for the Treatment of Acute Vaginal Candidiasis (Yeast Infection) in Patients With Recurrent Vaginal Candidiasis

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct03840616 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Vaginal Candidiasis ◽

Yeast Infection

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The modern approach to the etiology, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of bacterial vaginosis and vaginal candidiasis

GYNECOLOGY ◽

10.26442/2079-5831_17.3.79-82 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 79-82

Author(s):

O.A. Pustotina ◽

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Vaginal Candidiasis ◽

Modern Approach ◽

Treatment And Prevention

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of A beta-glucan-conjugate vaccine and anti-beta-glucan antibodies are effective against murine vaginal candidiasis as assessed by a novel in vivo imaging technique.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.12249957.13421057 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Rino Rappuoli

Keyword(s):

Conjugate Vaccine ◽

In Vivo Imaging ◽

Imaging Technique ◽

Vaginal Candidiasis ◽

Beta Glucan

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Role for dendritic cells in immunoregulation during experimental vaginal candidiasis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.14564.472068 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Bryan Larsen

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cells ◽

Vaginal Candidiasis

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Lactobacilli Reduce Recurrences of Vaginal Candidiasis in Pregnant Women: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study

Journal of Applied Microbiology ◽

10.1111/jam.15158 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xin‐Yee Ang ◽

Fiona‐Yi‐Li Chung ◽

Boon‐Kiat Lee ◽

Siti Nur Afiqah Azhar ◽

Salina Sany ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Vaginal Candidiasis ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Double Blind ◽

Double Blind Placebo

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Estimated Burden of Fungal Infections in Oman

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7010005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi ◽

Mohammed A. Al-Shuhoumi ◽

David W. Denning

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infection ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Vaginal Candidiasis ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Opportunistic Pathogens ◽

Fungal Rhinosinusitis ◽

Populations At Risk ◽

Different Populations ◽

Underlying Pathology

For many years, fungi have emerged as significant and frequent opportunistic pathogens and nosocomial infections in many different populations at risk. Fungal infections include disease that varies from superficial to disseminated infections which are often fatal. No fungal disease is reportable in Oman. Many cases are admitted with underlying pathology, and fungal infection is often not documented. The burden of fungal infections in Oman is still unknown. Using disease frequencies from heterogeneous and robust data sources, we provide an estimation of the incidence and prevalence of Oman’s fungal diseases. An estimated 79,520 people in Oman are affected by a serious fungal infection each year, 1.7% of the population, not including fungal skin infections, chronic fungal rhinosinusitis or otitis externa. These figures are dominated by vaginal candidiasis, followed by allergic respiratory disease (fungal asthma). An estimated 244 patients develop invasive aspergillosis and at least 230 candidemia annually (5.4 and 5.0 per 100,000). Only culture and microscopy are currently available for diagnosis, so case detection is suboptimal. Uncertainty surrounds these figures that trigger the need for urgent local epidemiological studies with more sensitive diagnostics.

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Interaction of Candida albicans with genital mucosa: effect of sex hormones on adherence of yeasts in vitro

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m88-042 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 224-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Aliza Kalo ◽

Esther Segal

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Hela Cell ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

Hela Cells ◽

Cell Types ◽

Vaginal Candidiasis ◽

Genital Mucosa ◽

Hela Cell Lines ◽

I Cells

Findings from our previous studies revealed a correlation between the level of adherence in vitro of Candida albicans to human exfoliated vaginal epithelial cells (VEC) and the hormonal status of the cell donors. In the present study we investigated the effect of the sex hormones estradiol, estriol, progesterone, and testosterone on the binding of the yeasts to HeLa cell lines and VEC in vitro. Monolayers of HeLa cells were exposed to the hormones and yeasts under controlled conditions. The number of adherent yeasts per square millimetre of HeLa cell monolayers and the percentage of VEC with adherent yeasts was estimated by microscopic counts. The results showed that the tested sex hormones affected at various degrees the adhesion of yeasts to HeLa cells or VEC. Progesterone had the most marked effect, leading to a significant increase in the number of adherent yeasts to HeLa cells or in the percentage of adhesion of VEC. In addition, VEC were separated on Percoll gradients into the two cell types: superficial (S) and intermediate (I), cell types which appear physiologically under increased serum levels of estradiol or progesterone, respectively. Adhesion assays with the separated cell populations revealed an increased binding capacity of the I cells. The finding that progesterone increased the adherence of yeasts to genital mucosa and that VEC of the I type have a higher capacity to adhere the yeasts is compatible with our previous observation that increased numbers of I cells, appearing under high level of progesterone, are found in situations known to have predisposition to vaginal candidiasis. Thus, our data point to a possible involvement of the hormone progesterone in the adherence of C. albicans to genital epithelium.

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