scholarly journals Conceiving of Products and the Products of Conception: Reflections on Commodification, Consumption, ART, and Abortion

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody Lyneé Madeira
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Money Markets ◽  
Patient Role ◽  
Care Relationship ◽  
Products Of Conception ◽  
Care Relationships

Thorny and difficult questions permeate the issue of commodification of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and abortion. Are ART and abortion services or medical treatment? Are those who seek them patients or consumers? How should we understand the complex relationship between money, markets, choice, and the care relationship?This paper rejects the dichotomy between patient and consumer roles and focuses instead on how attributes of each are meaningful to those seeking health care. Arguing that health care is already commodified, it suggests that both medicine and the market offer strategies for handling commodification. The important questions are how we understand these attributes and their role in care relationships, and which attributes we should encourage. The medical profession and patient role have long accommodated commodification, using fiduciary roles, flat fees and opaque pricing to distance payment and pricing from care provision.

scholarly journals “Man Cannot Exist Alone”: The Challenge of Health Care to Honor the Role of Women in Society

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-330
Author(s):  
Jonathan Scrafford
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Natural Family Planning ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Emotional Bonds ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Women's Role ◽  
Over Time

Women’s roles in society are changing. While most of those changes recognize and enhance the contributions of feminine ingenuity to human development, some threaten to isolate women physically, socially, and emotionally. Developments in reproductive health care, and the writings of Pope Saint John Paul II, offer lenses by which to evaluate the shifting landscape of women’s role in society. On the one hand, practices such as contraception, abortion, surrogacy, and assisted reproductive technologies over time will weaken the physical, social, and emotional bonds that procreation has held between man and woman, parents and children, and families and society. On the other hand, the expansion of different modes of natural family planning and pregnancy support centers offers to preserve those bonds. Summary: Women’s role in families, and therefore society, is invaluable. Several approaches to reproductive health offered by medicine may isolate women over time, and some evidences suggest we are already seeing that effect. Other approaches to women’s health may be able to preserve the physical, emotional, and social bonds that integrate women to the family, and therefore society.

Distinctions in Disclosure: Mandated Informed Consent in Abortion and ART

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-258
Author(s):  
Judith Daar
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Assisted Conception ◽  
Patient Protection ◽  
Disclosure Laws ◽  
Transparency And Disclosure ◽  
Required Disclosures

Transparency and disclosure in the health care realm occupy a vital link between the delivery of medical services and patient autonomy. In her article, “Disclosure Two Ways,” Erin Bernstein skillfully explores this link in the context of abortion and assisted conception services, keenly observing the rise in mandatory disclosure laws in both arenas. Her thesis, as I understand it, is that laws that require enhanced disclosure above traditional informed consent thresholds can be understood as neutral tools in the name of patient protection, even — or perhaps especially — when their effect is to persuade a patient to forego the requested treatment. She combats the critique that pre-abortion required disclosures are sui generis, arguing against their uniqueness by analyzing them alongside a swell of mandated disclosure laws in the assisted reproductive technologies (ART) context.

scholarly journals Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and its impact on assisted reproductive technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Vyshnavi A. Rao ◽  
Kamini A. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Poor Responders ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Critical Health Care

Coronavirus diease-2019 (COVID-19), a global pandemic, has imposed a lot of challenges and potential risk to women who are planning a pregnancy and women who are pregnant in the COVID era. After the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19, a global pandemic, pregnancies achieved through medically assisted reproduction/Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs) services experienced a major hit as couples became even more anxious to embark on pregnancy, the obvious reasons being the vertical transmission to the fetus, and use of critical health-care support system if required. Although the effects of coronavirus in terms of pregnancies conceived through the above measures are not known, retrospective studies will be needed to assess the outcomes of pregnancies conceived either naturally or any of the above mentioned procedures. As a precautionary measure, many professional societies worldwide recommended a ban on fertility treatments 1 week after WHO declared this as a pandemic. All reproductive medicine societies had published guidelines regarding stopping of infertility services except for poor responders and oocyte/sperm cryopreservation procedures in cancer patients – undergoing chemotherapy/radiation as there could be a reduction in gamete numbers. The possible reasons being to avoid complications of ART, like virus-induced complications of pregnancy and vertical transmission to fetus in severe respiratory distress syndrome COVID-positive mothers. The measures required to be taken are physical social distancing and critical health-care accessibility services. It has caused a major blow with respect to economic and social framework of our societies.

scholarly journals Paradox of Modern Pregnancy: A Phenomenological Study of Women’s Lived Experiences from Assisted Pregnancy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Ranjbar ◽  
Mohammad-Mehdi Akhondi ◽  
Leili Borimnejad ◽  
Saeed-Reza Ghaffari ◽  
Zahra Behboodi-Moghadam
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Hermeneutic Phenomenology ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Qualitative Design ◽  
Fertility Problems ◽  
Depth Interviews

The purpose of our study was describing the meaning of pregnancy through Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs). A qualitative design with hermeneutic phenomenology approach was selected to carry out the research. Semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 women who experienced assisted pregnancy. Three themes emerged from women’s experience including finding peace in life, paradoxical feelings, and struggling to realize a dream. We concluded that pregnancy is the beginning of a new and hard struggle for women with fertility problems. The findings of our study resulted in helpful implications for the health care professionals managing assisted pregnancies.

scholarly journals The Implications of Reproductive Aging for the Health, Vitality, and Economic Welfare of Human Societies

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 3821-3825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalender Bhasin ◽  
Candace Kerr ◽  
Kutluk Oktay ◽  
Catherine Racowsky
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Reproductive Aging ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Reproductive Senescence

Abstract Context Powerful demographic trends toward reproductive aging of human populations, older age at first childbirth, and lower birth rates will profoundly influence the health, vitality, and economies of human societies and deserve greater attention in health policy and research. Evidence Acquisition Information on birth rates, fertility rates, and outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies were obtained from databases of government agencies (census data, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Evidence Synthesis Fecundity declines with advancing age, especially in women >35 years and men >50 years. Advanced parental age adversely affects pregnancy outcomes for the mother and the offspring and increases the offspring’s risk of chromosomal disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and birth defects. Because of increased life expectancy, today people will spend a major portion of life in a period of reproductive senescence; diseases associated with reproductive senescence will influence the health and well-being of middle-aged and older adults. Inversion of the population age pyramid will affect health care costs, retirement age, generational distribution of wealth, and the vitality of societies. Actions can be taken to mitigate the societal consequences of these trends. An educational campaign to inform young people about the trade-offs associated with postponement of childbirth will enable them to make informed choices. Some repositioning of research agenda and health care policies is needed to address the public health threat posed by reproductive aging. Conclusion The consequences of low fertility rates and delayed parenthood on our nation’s health, vitality, and economic growth should be considered when crafting research, health, and economic policies.

scholarly journals THE FUTURE OF MORAL THEORIES: REFLECTING ON TORBJÖRN TÄNNSJÖ’S BOOK “SETTING HEALTH-CARE PRIORITIES”

ARHE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (33) ◽  
pp. 289-299
Author(s):  
HANNA HUBENKO ◽  
NATALIIA BOICHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Moral Theories ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Prolongation Of Life ◽  
The Difference

Torbjörn Tännsjö’s monograph “Setting Health-Care Priorities” clearly demonstrates its position in finest details involving case studies. It seems to be an especially valuable assistance, not least for study purposes, for those who are interested in a comprehensive review of plausible moral theories and the practice of fair resource distribution in the field of healthcare. The author’s approach suggests engagement of the most applicable moral theories attempting to solve the important problem of sharing scarce and deficit resources in the healthcare. The book doesn’t aim for developing a single correct and effective moral theory for fair resource sharing, it rather discusses reaching a consensus regarding distribution decisions based on thoroughly reviewed theories. The appeal to Population Ethics in the present paper emphasizes the difference between patient-centered approach in the situation of limited medical resources and distribution of resources among the population in general. The book represents author’s views towards the open problems in bioethics: prolongation of life of terminal patients; “right-to-die” (euthanasia); moral side of the assisted reproductive technologies; futile medical treatment; attitude towards abortion, etc.

scholarly journals Legal Rulings on Medical Issues: A Comparative Study between the Malaysian and Islamic Law

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Puteri Nemie Jahn Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Common Trend ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
Medical Issues

The medical profession is amongst the professions that offer tremendous benefit to the entire humanity. Nevertheless, the responsibilities that they have to undertake in their daily practice are constantly increasing as they deal with two most precious commodities of mankind, which is life and health. The demands for accountability when ‘the consequences of an action are considered not to be at par with the expectations’ has become a common trend within the society recently. Law, being an instrument of social regulation, intervenes to establish the rights and responsibilities in medical practice to determine the boundaries of rightful conducts in areas where there exist conflicts of moral, ethical and religious issues. Therefore, it is pertinent for Muslim doctors to keep abreast with the developing law that is governing their practices and at the same time, to ensure that any deliberations flourish within the confines of Islamic law. By employing qualitative research method, namely, doctrinal analysis, this paper seeks to discuss the legal rulings from the Malaysian and Islamic law perspectives relating to significant and current medical issues such as negligence, confidentiality, assisted reproductive technologies, abortion, euthanasia, organ transplantation and sterilisation.

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