scholarly journals Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Intellectual Disability: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder V versus clinical impression

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
B. Perera ◽  
K. Courtenay ◽  
S. Solomou ◽  
A. Borakati ◽  
A. Strydom
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Clinical Impression ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-147
Author(s):  
Kirstin Painter ◽  
Maria Scannapieco
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Class Discussion ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Prevalence Estimates

Chapter 9 begins with prevalence estimates for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and impulsivity are addressed, followed by descriptions of how these symptoms present in children and adolescents. An overview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria for diagnosing ADHD is presented. The chapter includes a discussion of the causes of ADHD and current research, with a focus on possible linkages between ADHD and biological, genetic, environmental, and nutritional causes and current brain research. Diagnosing youth using DSM criteria along with differentiating ADHD and other disorders is discussed. Common assessment tools used to screen for symptoms of ADHD are presented. Chapter 9 ends with two real-life case studies and questions for class discussion.

Holly's Story: Illustration of an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Case

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1051
Author(s):  
A. Aureli ◽  
D. Piancatelli ◽  
T. Del Beato ◽  
P. Sebastiani ◽  
V. Melillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Adhd Diagnosis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Allele Drb1

During the last 10 years a significant increase of childhood neuropsychiatric disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), has been reported. ADHD is believed to have a multifactorial etiology including multiple genetic and prenatal environmental factors. For this reason, there has been a recent revival regarding the role of autoimmunity in this pathology. An ADHD combined-type patient born from a drug-addicted mother was studied. Neuropsychological tests according to the criteria of the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM4) permitted us to make the ADHD-diagnosis. The HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 alleles of the child were determined by sequence-based typing (SBT) after DNA extraction. Although no autistic behavioral features were observed in the patient, a double genetic association between ADHD and autism was reported. In fact, HLA class I alleles (A*02 and B*44) associated to autism and the HLA class II allele (DRB1*04) associated both to autism and ADHD were identified.

scholarly journals Sleep Microstructure Is Not Altered in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

2012 ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. PŘÍHODOVÁ ◽  
I. PACLT ◽  
D. KEMLINK ◽  
S. NEVŠÍMALOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Sleep Microstructure

The high rate of occurrence of sleep disturbances in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prompted the idea that structural and neurotransmitter changes might give rise to specific sleep pattern abnormalities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microstructure of sleep in children with ADHD who had no polysomnographically diagnosed sleep disorder, had never been treated for ADHD, and were free from any psychiatric comorbidity. Participants were 14 patients with ADHD (12 boys and 2 girls aged 7-12 years, mean age 9.6±1.6). ADHD was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria (Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders). Psychiatric comorbidities were ruled out by detailed psychiatric examination. The patients underwent two consecutive overnight video-polysomnographic (PSG) recordings, with the sleep microstructure (cyclic alternating pattern – CAP) scoring during the second night. The data were compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Sleep microstructure analysis using CAP revealed no significant differences between the ADHD group and the controls in any of the parameters under study. In conclusions, no ADHD-specific alterations were found in the sleep microstructure.

scholarly journals Omnidirectional robot for the diagnosis of the attention deficit

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
Richard Camilo Bravo Angarita ◽  
Ivan Fernando Vargas Ochoa ◽  
Cesar Augusto Peña Cortes
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Brain Wave ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Brain Interface ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Design For Children

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) occurs in 16% of the Colombian student population and estimates that between 30-70% of these children continue to show symptoms in adulthood. Thus, a tool is proposed for the professional to support his diagnosis according to the criteria offered by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DMS). An omnidirectional platform is implemented, striking for its design, for children, adolescents and that becomes a concentration challenge for adults.With an Electroencephalography (EEG) helmet a brain wave reading is made; with the help of a Computer Brain Interface (BCI) you can have the reading of facial gestures, having said reading is implemented to control the omnidirectional platform, with the same BCI you also have the reading of concentration, stress, excitation, etc. of individuals; Thus, the professional in the area can support his diagnosis according to several factors, such as: EEG interpretation, emotional data (concentration, stress, excitement ...), and the observation of the individual. The evaluation of the patient makes the health professional, generating some challenges to overcome the platform and interpreting the different data according to their professional criteria.

scholarly journals Development and verification of internal structure of the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Screening Inventory

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatha Tiago BACCIOTTI ◽  
Lucas de Francisco CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Inattention And Hyperactivity

Abstract The aim of this study was to develop the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Screening Inventory, a self-report instrument for assessing symptoms as well as to verify the internal structure of the instrument. Based on the proposed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder diagnostic criteria, the Screening Inventory was developed and administered. The participants were 421 individuals divided into two groups, with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder diagnosis. The instrument items were analyzed and validated for content by a panel of expert judges. It was found that the instrument structure is composed of two factors, namely, Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity (Cronbach’s alpha 0.97 and 0.96, respectively). In general, the observed data provided validity evidence based on content and internal structure of the instrument, which complies with the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, proving to be a favorable instrument for the investigation of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms in Adults.

scholarly journals Psychopathologic Profiles and Clusters in Tertiary Clinic Referred Patients with Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Person-Centered Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-311
Author(s):  
Yunhye Oh ◽  
Hyewon Park ◽  
Seonwoo Kim ◽  
Hye Seung Kim ◽  
Yoo-Sook Joung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Mood Symptoms ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Cluster 2

Objective Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a heterogeneous clinical presentation with patients showing very frequent emotional problems. In the present study, patients with adult ADHD were subtyped based on their psychopathology using a person-centered approach.Methods In the present chart review study, detailed findings of psychological evaluation conducted as part of routine care were utilized. A total of 77 subjects with adult ADHD were included in the analysis. Detailed ADHD symptoms, psychiatric comorbid Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnoses, and severity of mood and anxiety symptoms were evaluated in the person-centered analysis.Results Three clusters were generated using clustering analysis. DSM comorbid conditions did not significantly impact the clustering. Cluster 1 consisted of ADHD combined presentation (ADHD-C) with less mood symptoms, cluster 2 of ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation and cluster 3 of ADHD-C with significant mood symptoms. Patients in cluster 3 had adulthood functional impairment more frequently compared with patients in cluster 1. Patients in cluster 3 showed recurrent thoughts of death and suicidal ideation more frequently compared with patients in cluster 1.Conclusion Further studies are needed to confirm the relationships observed in the present study.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in ancient Greece: The Obtuse Man of Theophrastus

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 509-513
Author(s):  
Marcelo M Victor ◽  
Bruna S da Silva ◽  
Djenifer B Kappel ◽  
Claiton HD Bau ◽  
Eugenio H Grevet
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5

We present an ancient Greek description written by the philosopher Theophrastus in his classic book ‘ Characters’ comparable with modern attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. The arguments are based in one chapter of this book—The Obtuse Man—presenting features of a character closely resembling the modern description of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. In a free comparative exercise, we compared Theophrastus descriptions with modern Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. The sentences describing The Obtuse Man written by Theophrastus are similar to several symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and he would probably be currently diagnosed with this disorder as an adult. To our knowledge, this is the oldest description compatible with the current conception of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults in the Western literature. Differently than the moralistic view of ancient Greece regarding those symptoms, the medical attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder conception may be advantageous to patients since it might reduce prejudice and allow individuals to seek treatment.

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