scholarly journals Effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity in individuals with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Hassan ◽  
K. B. Landorf ◽  
N. Shields ◽  
S. E. Munteanu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities

scholarly journals Recommended motor assessments based on psychometric properties in individuals with dementia: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Trautwein ◽  
Philipp Maurus ◽  
Bettina Barisch-Fritz ◽  
Anela Hadzic ◽  
Alexander Woll
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background Motor assessments are important to determine effectiveness of physical activity in individuals with dementia (IWD). However, inappropriate and non-standardised assessments without sound psychometric properties have been used. This systematic review aims to examine psychometric properties of motor assessments in IWD combined with frequency of use and effect sizes and to provide recommendations based on observed findings. We performed a two-stage systematic literature search using Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ALOIS, and Scopus (inception - July/September 2018, English and German). The first search purposed to identify motor assessments used in randomised controlled trials assessing effectiveness of physical activity in IWD and to display their frequency of use and effect sizes. The second search focused on psychometric properties considering influence of severity and aetiology of dementia and cueing on test-retest reliability. Two reviewers independently extracted and analysed findings of eligible studies in a narrative synthesis. Results Literature searches identified 46 randomised controlled trials and 21 psychometric property studies. While insufficient information was available for validity, we observed sufficient inter-rater and relative test-retest reliability but unacceptable absolute test-retest reliability for most assessments. Combining these findings with frequency of use and effect sizes, we recommend Functional Reach Test, Groningen Meander Walking Test (time), Berg Balance Scale, Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment, Timed Up & Go Test, instrumented gait analysis (spatiotemporal parameters), Sit-to-Stand assessments (repetitions> 1), and 6-min walk test. It is important to consider that severity and aetiology of dementia and cueing influenced test-retest reliability of some assessments. Conclusion This review establishes an important foundation for future investigations. Sufficient relative reliability supports the conclusiveness of recommended assessments at group level, while unacceptable absolute reliability advices caution in assessing intra-individual changes. Moreover, influences on test-retest reliability suggest tailoring assessments and instructions to IWD and applying cueing only where it is inevitable. Considering heterogeneity of included studies and insufficient examination in various areas, these recommendations are not comprehensive. Further research, especially on validity and influences on test-retest reliability, as well as standardisation and development of tailored assessments for IWD is crucial. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018105399).

Social Media Interventions Targeting Exercise and Diet Behaviours in People with Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs): A Systematic Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace McKeon ◽  
Emelia Papadopoulos ◽  
Joseph Firth ◽  
Rohina Joshi ◽  
Scott Teasdale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Media Interventions

BACKGROUND Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death globally. Promoting physical activity and healthy eating is essential to help manage the NCD burden and reduce mortality. Social media may be a potential platform for delivering and scaling health promotion initiatives. OBJECTIVE Objective: In this systematic review, we aimed to examine i) the feasibility and acceptability of social media interventions targeting physical activity and/or diet for people with NCDs, ii) the effectiveness of these interventions on exercise and diet behaviours, iii) specific design components used to promote user engagement and iv) the effectiveness on other health outcomes. METHODS Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, EMBASE, and SPORTDiscus from inception until June 2021. Social media interventions targeting physical activity and/or diet were included. Participants were any age, with a diagnosis of one of the following categories of NCDs; cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, diabetes or mental illness. Interventions using social media alone or as part of an intervention with other modes of delivery were included. Eligible study designs were randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomised controlled trials, feasibility or pilot studies, or quasi-experimental studies. RESULTS Results: A total of 2,358 publications were identified. After removal of duplicates, 2,233 publication titles and abstracts were screened, and 10 publications were eligible, describing 8 individual studies. The study designs included n=5 RCTs and n=3 pilot or feasibility studies, all published between 2016 and 2020. Sample sizes ranged from n=11 to n=312. Half of the studies were conducted in the United States of America. Clinical populations included severe mental illness (n=2), cardiovascular disease (n=2), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n=2), cancer (n=1) and Type 2 diabetes (n=1). Facebook (n=3) and WeChat (n=3) were the most used social media platforms. The majority utilised social media to deliver health education and facilitate social support and all studies reported >70% retention. Four of the five included RCTS reported significant improvements in exercise behaviours (e.g., step count, exercise capacity) while diet was only assessed in two studies and results were non-significant. Of the 6 included RCTs (including 1 pilot RCT), study quality ranged from fair to good according to the PEDRo quality checklist. CONCLUSIONS Conclusions: Social media interventions appear to be feasible and acceptable among specific ND populations and preliminary evidence suggests interventions delivered solely via social media or in addition to other modalities may be effective for improving exercise behaviours. The evidence for diet behaviours remains unclear. While overall there is an emerging evidence base, more rigorous evaluation including replication studies are needed to determine the efficacy of social media interventions. CLINICALTRIAL CRD42021251838

scholarly journals Physical activity interventions for adults who are visually impaired: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e034036
Author(s):  
Joanna Sweeting ◽  
Dafna Merom ◽  
Putu Ayu Swandewi Astuti ◽  
Michael Antoun ◽  
Kate Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Physical Activity Interventions ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Meta Analyses

ObjectivesCompared with sighted individuals, people with visual impairment have a higher prevalence of chronic conditions and lower levels of physical activity. This review aims to systematically review physical activity interventions for those with a visual impairment and to assess their effectiveness.DesignA systematic review of articles reporting physical activity interventions in visually impaired individuals was conducted. Medline, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SPORTDiscus and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database were searched in August 2018. Meta-analyses were conducted on randomised controlled trials with the same outcome measure.SettingMost interventions were conducted in a group setting, with some including an at-home, self-directed component.ParticipantsFollowing identification of a recent systematic review of physical activity interventions in children, our review focused on adults aged 18 years and older with a visual impairment.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOutcomes included measures of balance, mobility, mental well-being (eg, quality of life), number of falls, muscle strength, flexibility and gait.ResultsEighteen papers from 17 studies met inclusion criteria. Physical activity components include falls prevention and/or balance-based activities, walking, tai chi, Alexander Technique, Yoga, dance, aerobics and core stability training. Significant results in favour of the intervention were reported most commonly in measures of functional capacity (9/17 studies) and in falls/balance-related outcomes (7/13 studies). The studies identified were generally small and diverse in study design, and risk of bias was high across several categories for most studies. Meta-analyses indicated non-significant effects of the included interventions on the Timed Up and Go, Chair Sit Test and Berg Balance Scale.ConclusionsPhysical activity interventions in individuals with visual impairment incorporating activities such as tai chi, Yoga and dance can have positive results, particularly in physical measures such as mobility and balance. However, when performing a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials, the evidence for effectiveness is less clear. More studies with larger sample sizes, stronger designs and longer follow-up periods are needed.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018103638.

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