Executive functions among youth with Down Syndrome and co-existing neurobehavioural disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1130-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Pritchard ◽  
S. Kalback ◽  
M. McCurdy ◽  
G. T. Capone
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Executive Functions

scholarly journals Early development of executive functions: A differential study

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Sastre i Riba ◽  
Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero ◽  
María Luisa Poch-Olivé
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Developmental Courses ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
Monitoring Information

<p>The ontogeny of executive functions is essential to explain differential and normative developmental trends. Executive functions must be studied from early ages because of their consequences on mental flexibility, monitoring information, planning, and cognitive control. We propose a differential study in alternative developmental courses: typical babies, Down Syndrome babies, and babies with risk-factors at birth (congenital hypothyroidism and low weight). Applying Systematic Observational Methodology, spontaneous babies’ activity was registered. The results indicated that: a) Typical babies showed best shifting, action flexibility to obtain a goal, and results; b) Among risk-babies, the lower efficacy in executive functioning was observed on low birth weight babies, the hypothyroidism ones are closer to the typical babies; c) low birth weight babies showed a good level combining actions, but they obtain less results; d) Down Syndrome babies showed more executive functioning difficulty, lower flexibility, high perseveration and less error detection.</p>

scholarly journals Differences between children with Down syndrome and typically developing children in adaptive behaviour, executive functions and visual acuity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine de Weger ◽  
F. Nienke Boonstra ◽  
Jeroen Goossens
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Adaptive Behaviour ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Distant Visual Acuity ◽  
Near Visual Acuity

AbstractIn children with Down syndrome (DS) development of visual, motor and cognitive functions is atypical. It is unknown whether the visual impairments in children with DS aggravate their lag in cognitive development. Visual impairment and developmental lags in adaptive behaviour and executive functions were assessed in 104 children with DS, 2–16 years, by comparing their adaptive behaviour, executive functions and visual acuity (distant and near) scores against published age-matched norm scores of typically developing children. Associations between these lags were explored. Mean (± SEM) differences to age-matched norms indicated reduced performance in DS: Vineland Screener questionnaire, − 63 ± 3.8 months; task-based Minnesota Executive Function Scale (MEFS), − 46.09 ± 2.07 points; BRIEF-P questionnaire, 25.29 ± 4.66 points; BRIEF parents’ and teachers’ questionnaire, 17.89 ± 3.92 points and 40.10 ± 3.81 points; distant and near visual acuity, 0.51 ± 0.03 LogMAR and 0.63 ± 0.03 LogMAR (near − 0.11 ± 0.04 LogMAR poorer than distant). Adaptive behaviour (Vineland-S) correlated with the severity of visual impairment (r = − 0.396). Children with DS are severely impaired in adaptive behaviour, executive functions and visual acuities (near visual acuity more severely impaired than distant visual acuity). Larger impairment in adaptive behaviour is found in children with larger visual impairment. This supports the idea that visual acuity plays a role in adaptive development.

Understanding metaphors and idioms: A single-case neuropsychological study in a person with Down syndrome

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
COSTANZA PAPAGNO ◽  
GIUSEPPE VALLAR
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Vocabulary Knowledge ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Visuospatial Abilities ◽  
Neuropsychological Study ◽  
Semantic Skills

The ability of subject F.F., diagnosed with Down syndrome, to appreciate nonliteral (interpreting metaphors and idioms) and literal (vocabulary knowledge, including highly specific and unusual items) aspects of language was investigated. F.F. was impaired in understanding both metaphors and idioms, while her phonological, syntactic and lexical–semantic skills were largely preserved. By contrast, some aspects of F.F.'s executive functions and many visuospatial abilities were defective. The suggestion is made that the interpretation of metaphors and idioms is largely independent of that of literal language, preserved in F.F., and that some executive aspects of working memory and visuospatial and imagery processes may play a role. (JINS, 2001, 7, 516–527.)

Executive functions in intellectual disabilities: A comparison between Williams syndrome and Down syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1770-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floriana Costanzo ◽  
Cristiana Varuzza ◽  
Deny Menghini ◽  
Francesca Addona ◽  
Tiziana Gianesini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Williams Syndrome

scholarly journals Executive functions and adaptive behaviour in individuals with Down syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Onnivello ◽  
S. Colaianni ◽  
F. Pulina ◽  
C. Locatelli ◽  
C. Marcolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Adaptive Behaviour
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