scholarly journals Recent advances in plant membrane‐bound transcription factor research: Emphasis on intracellular movement

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pil Joon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Intracellular Movement ◽  
Membrane Bound

scholarly journals Systems analysis of transcription factor activities in environments with stable and dynamic oxygen concentrations

Open Biology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 120091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Rolfe ◽  
Andrea Ocone ◽  
Melanie R. Stapleton ◽  
Simon Hall ◽  
Eleanor W. Trotter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Kinetic Modelling ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Transcript Profile ◽  
Terminal Oxidases ◽  
Adaptive Processes ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Transcript Profiles

Understanding gene regulation requires knowledge of changes in transcription factor (TF) activities. Simultaneous direct measurement of numerous TF activities is currently impossible. Nevertheless, statistical approaches to infer TF activities have yielded non-trivial and verifiable predictions for individual TFs. Here, global statistical modelling identifies changes in TF activities from transcript profiles of Escherichia coli growing in stable (fixed oxygen availabilities) and dynamic (changing oxygen availability) environments. A core oxygen-responsive TF network, supplemented by additional TFs acting under specific conditions, was identified. The activities of the cytoplasmic oxygen-responsive TF, FNR, and the membrane-bound terminal oxidases implied that, even on the scale of the bacterial cell, spatial effects significantly influence oxygen-sensing. Several transcripts exhibited asymmetrical patterns of abundance in aerobic to anaerobic and anaerobic to aerobic transitions. One of these transcripts, ndh , encodes a major component of the aerobic respiratory chain and is regulated by oxygen-responsive TFs ArcA and FNR. Kinetic modelling indicated that ArcA and FNR behaviour could not explain the ndh transcript profile, leading to the identification of another TF, PdhR, as the source of the asymmetry. Thus, this approach illustrates how systematic examination of regulatory responses in stable and dynamic environments yields new mechanistic insights into adaptive processes.

scholarly journals Ceapins are a new class of unfolded protein response inhibitors, selectively targeting the ATF6α branch

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara M Gallagher ◽  
Carolina Garri ◽  
Erica L Cain ◽  
Kenny Kean-Hooi Ang ◽  
Christopher G Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Proteolytic Processing ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
New Class ◽  
Cancer Models ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
The Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Protein Response

The membrane-bound transcription factor ATF6α plays a cytoprotective role in the unfolded protein response (UPR), required for cells to survive ER stress. Activation of ATF6α promotes cell survival in cancer models. We used cell-based screens to discover and develop Ceapins, a class of pyrazole amides, that block ATF6α signaling in response to ER stress. Ceapins sensitize cells to ER stress without impacting viability of unstressed cells. Ceapins are highly specific inhibitors of ATF6α signaling, not affecting signaling through the other branches of the UPR, or proteolytic processing of its close homolog ATF6β or SREBP (a cholesterol-regulated transcription factor), both activated by the same proteases. Ceapins are first-in-class inhibitors that can be used to explore both the mechanism of activation of ATF6α and its role in pathological settings. The discovery of Ceapins now enables pharmacological modulation all three UPR branches either singly or in combination.

scholarly journals A Membrane-Bound NAC Transcription Factor Regulates Cell Division in Arabidopsis

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 3132-3144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn-Sung Kim ◽  
Sang-Gyu Kim ◽  
Jung-Eun Park ◽  
Hye-Young Park ◽  
Mi-Hye Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Nac Transcription Factor ◽  
Membrane Bound

scholarly journals Genome-wide characterization and expression profiling of NAC transcription factor genes under abiotic stresses in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e4172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Kinuthia Karanja ◽  
Liang Xu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Everlyne M’mbone Muleke ◽  
Bashir Mohammed Jabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Hormone Signaling ◽  
Preferential Expression ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Transcription Factor Genes ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Polymerase Chain

NAC (NAM, no apical meristem; ATAF, Arabidopsis transcription activation factor and CUC, cup-shaped cotyledon) proteins are among the largest transcription factor (TF) families playing fundamental biological processes, including cell expansion and differentiation, and hormone signaling in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, 172 RsNACs comprising 17 membrane-bound members were identified from the whole radish genome. In total, 98 RsNAC genes were non-uniformly distributed across the nine radish chromosomes. In silico analysis revealed that expression patterns of several NAC genes were tissue-specific such as a preferential expression in roots and leaves. In addition, 21 representative NAC genes were selected to investigate their responses to heavy metals (HMs), salt, heat, drought and abscisic acid (ABA) stresses using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). As a result, differential expressions among these genes were identified where RsNAC023 and RsNAC080 genes responded positively to all stresses except ABA, while RsNAC145 responded more actively to salt, heat and drought stresses compared with other genes. The results provides more valuable information and robust candidate genes for future functional analysis for improving abiotic stress tolerances in radish.

SREBP-1, a membrane-bound transcription factor released by sterol-regulated proteolysis

Cell ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Wang ◽  
Ryuichiro Sato ◽  
Michael S. Brown ◽  
Xianxin Hua ◽  
Joseph L. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Membrane Bound

scholarly journals Differential phosphorylation in vivo of cytoplasmic dynein associated with anterogradely moving organelles.

1994 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 1671-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F Dillman ◽  
K K Pfister
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Cytoplasmic Dynein ◽  
Fast Axonal Transport ◽  
Brain Ventricles ◽  
Phosphorylation State ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Intracellular Movement ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Differential Phosphorylation

Two microtubule-stimulated ATPases, cytoplasmic dynein, and kinesin, are believed to be responsible for the intracellular movement of membrane-bound organelles in opposite directions along microtubules. An unresolved component of this model is the mechanism by which cells regulate these two motors to direct various membrane-bound organelles to their proper locations. To determine if phosphorylation may play a role in the regulation of cytoplasmic dynein, the in vivo phosphorylation state of cytoplasmic dynein from two cellular pools was examined. The entire cellular pool of brain cytoplasmic dynein was metabolically labeled by the infusion of [32P]orthophosphate into the cerebrospinal fluid of rat brain ventricles. To characterize the phosphorylation of dynein associated with anterograde membrane-bound organelles, the optic nerve fast axonal transport system was used. Using a monoclonal antibody to the 74-kD polypeptide of brain cytoplasmic dynein, the native dynein complex was immunoprecipitated from the radiolabled tissue extracts. Autoradiographs of one and two dimensional gels showed labeling of nearly all of the polypeptide isoforms of cytoplasmic dynein from rat brain. These polypeptides are phosphorylated on serine residues. Comparison of the amount of 32P incorporated into the dynein polypeptides revealed differences in the phosphorylation of dynein polypeptides from the anterograde and the cellular pools. Most interestingly, the 530-kD heavy chain of dynein appears to be phosphorylated to a lesser extent in the anterograde pool than in the cellular pool. Since the anterograde pool contains inactive dynein, while the entire cellular pool contains both inactive and active dynein, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that phosphorylation regulates the functional activity of cytoplasmic dynein.

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