scholarly journals Speed-of-Processing Training in Assisted and Independent Living: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1538-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Smith ◽  
Michael P. Jones ◽  
Megan M. Dotson ◽  
Fredric D. Wolinsky
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Speed Of Processing ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Speed Of Processing Training

scholarly journals Does Visual Speed of Processing Training Improve Health-Related Quality of Life in Assisted and Independent Living Communities?: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredric D Wolinsky ◽  
Michael P Jones ◽  
Megan M Dotson
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Living ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Speed Of Processing ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Visual Speed ◽  
Speed Of Processing Training

Abstract Background and Objectives Visual speed of processing training had clinically and statistically significant beneficial effects on health-related quality of life among 2,802 healthy community-dwelling adults aged 65–94 years at 2 and 5 years post-training in the Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly randomized controlled trial. We examined whether that effect would be found among older adults in assisted and independent living communities. Research Design and Methods We conducted a two-arm, parallel randomized controlled trial stratified by assisted versus independent settings in 31 senior living communities and enrolled 351 adults aged 55–102 years. The targeted intervention dose was 10 hr at baseline with 4-hr boosters at 5 and 11 months. The intervention group received computerized visual speed of processing training, while the attention control group solved computerized crossword puzzles. The health-related quality of life outcomes were the Short-Form 36-item Health Survey’s mental and physical component T scores. Linear mixed-effect models were used. Results Visual speed of processing, assisted living, and their interaction had no clinically or statistically significant effects on the physical component T scores. However, visual speed of processing (p = .022), assisted living (p = .022), and their interaction (p = .007) had clinically and statistically significant effects on the mental component T scores. The estimated marginal means revealed a small effect-sized positive 2.2 point visual speed of processing training effect in the independent living communities, but a clinically important harmful −4.2 point visual speed of processing training effect in the assisted living communities. Discussion and Implications Given the medium-sized harmful effect of visual speed of processing training among those in the assisted living communities, caution is advised when using these two visual speed of processing training modalities in assisted living communities until further research verifies or refutes our findings and the underlying etiological pathways.

scholarly journals Improving Prospective Memory in Persons With Parkinson Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin R. Foster ◽  
Mark A. McDaniel ◽  
Peter G. Rendell
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Encoding Strategy

Background. Prospective memory (PM) is essential for productive and independent living and necessary for compliance with prescribed health behaviors. Parkinson disease (PD) can cause PM deficits that are associated with activity limitations and reduced quality of life. Forming implementation intentions (IIs) is an encoding strategy that may improve PM in this population. Objective. To determine the effect of IIs on PM performance in PD. Methods. This was a laboratory-based randomized controlled trial. Participants with mild to moderate PD without dementia (n = 62) performed a computerized PM test (Virtual Week) under standard instructions. One week later they were randomly allocated to perform it again while using either IIs or a rehearsal (RR) encoding strategy. Results. PM performance was better with the use of both strategies relative to standard instructions. This effect was larger for tasks with event-based compared with time-based cues. In addition, IIs resulted in a larger effect than RR for the nonrepeated tasks. Conclusions. Strategies that support full encoding of PM cues and actions can improve PM performance among people with PD, particularly for tasks with cues that are readily available in the environment. IIs may be more effective than RR for nonrepeated tasks, but this finding warrants verification. Future work should address transfer of strategy use from the laboratory to everyday life. Targeted strategies to manage PM impairment could improve function and quality of life and significantly affect clinical care for people with PD.

scholarly journals A Randomized Controlled Trial of Cognitive Training Using a Visual Speed of Processing Intervention in Middle Aged and Older Adults

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e61624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredric D. Wolinsky ◽  
Mark W. Vander Weg ◽  
M. Bryant Howren ◽  
Michael P. Jones ◽  
Megan M. Dotson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Speed Of Processing ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Visual Speed

scholarly journals Speed of processing training protects self-rated health in older adults: enduring effects observed in the multi-site ACTIVE randomized controlled trial

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredric D. Wolinsky ◽  
Henry Mahncke ◽  
Mark W. Vander Weg ◽  
Rene Martin ◽  
Frederick W. Unverzagt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Speed Of Processing ◽  
Propensity Score Model ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Contact Control

ABSTRACTBackground: We evaluated the effects of cognitive training on self-rated health at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years post-baseline.Methods: In the ACTIVE (Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly) randomized controlled trial, 2,802 older adults (≥65 years) were randomly assigned to memory, reasoning, speed of processing, or no-contact control intervention groups. Complete data were available for 1,804 (64%) of the 2,802 participants at five years. A propensity score model was adjusted for attrition bias. The self-rated health question was coded using the Diehr et al. (2001) transformation (E = 95/VG = 90/G = 80/F = 30/P = 15), and analyzed with change-score regression models.Results: The speed of processing (vs. no-contact control) group had statistically significant improvements (or protective effects) on changes in self-rated health at the 2, 3 and 5 year follow-ups. The 5-year improvement was 2.8 points (p = 0.03). No significant differences were observed in the memory or reasoning groups at any time.Conclusion: The speed of processing intervention significantly protected self-rated health in ACTIVE, with the average benefit equivalent to half the difference between excellent vs. very good health.

Post-surgical physical activity enhancing program for elderly patients after hip fracture: a randomized controlled trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunee Suwanpasu ◽  
Yupin Aungsuroch ◽  
Chanokporn Jitapanya
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Post Surgery

AbstractBackground: Hip fracture seriously influences an elderly person’s life and mobility, independent living, and causes earlier mortality. Although surgery is generally successful, many of the elderly suffer from decreased physical ability after surgery for hip fracture.Objectives: To determine the effects of a physical activity enhancing program (PEP) on the level of physical activity of elderly patients after surgical treatment of hip fracture.Methods: A randomized controlled trial of 46 elderly patients was conducted at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital from January 2012 to February 2013 to evaluate the effectiveness of the Resnick self-efficacy model (2009) compared with standard care in improving physical activity. The participants were enrolled on a criteria basis and were block randomized into two groups. The intervention group attended four phases of physical training and efficacy based intervention comprising assessment, preparation, practicing, and evaluation phases with face-to-face contact and five telephone calls during seven weeks post-surgery.Results: Six weeks after discharge, the physical activity of the intervention group increased by significantly more than the control group (F1,43= 9.63, P < 0.01), with an effect size of 0.18 after controlling for preoperative physical activity. The ratio of the effect on physical activity induced by the PEP was higher than that induced by usual care (65.2% vs. 47.8%).Conclusion: PEP is effective at improving physical activity. Efforts to follow up for longer periods and with studies using larger populations are recommended.

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