The effect of acute auditory stress on gastric motor responses to a meal in healthy volunteers

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1699-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Sub Lee ◽  
Young-Sil An ◽  
Joonkoo Kang ◽  
Jun Hwan Yoo ◽  
Kwang Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Auditory Stress

Antropyloroduodenal motor responses to intraduodenal lipid infusion in healthy volunteers

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (5) ◽  
pp. G671-G679 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Heddle ◽  
J. Dent ◽  
N. W. Read ◽  
L. A. Houghton ◽  
J. Toouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Lipid Infusion ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Luminal Content ◽  
Transpyloric Flow ◽  
Duodenal Lumen ◽  
Pyloric Tone ◽  
Pyloric Motility

The delivery of lipid to the duodenum has been shown to slow gastric emptying and to increase the resistance to gastric outflow. To investigate mechanisms responsible for these effects, we have recorded antropyloroduodenal motility in nine healthy volunteers during alternate intraduodenal infusions of normal saline and triglyceride emulsion (Intralipid 10%). During the lipid infusions there were reproducible, major changes in the patterns of motility. Pressure waves, apparently isolated to the pylorus, usually started within 10 min of initiation of the lipid infusion. After 20-25 min of lipid infusion these waves occurred at median rates of 2.4 and 2.8/min (1st and 2nd lipid infusions, respectively); these rates were significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than the median rates (all less than or equal to 0.4/min) observed during the equivalent period of the succeeding saline infusions. During 10 of 22 lipid infusions, isolated pyloric pressure waves were associated with sustained pyloric tone. Infusion of lipid into the duodenum suppressed antral pressure waves in all subjects and initiated brief periods of regular duodenal contractions during 11 of 22 infusions. These studies have demonstrated alterations of antropyloroduodenal motor patterns in response to changes in the duodenal luminal content. The effects on antral and pyloric motility are probably of importance in the regulation of transpyloric flow by nutrients in the duodenal lumen.

Sensitivities of human jejunum, ileum, proximal colon, and gallbladder to cholecystokinin octapeptide

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (3) ◽  
pp. G345-G356 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Kellow ◽  
L. J. Miller ◽  
S. F. Phillips ◽  
A. C. Haddad ◽  
A. R. Zinsmeister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Fatty Meal ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Cholecystokinin Octapeptide ◽  
Physiological Range ◽  
Original Volume ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Intestinal Symptoms

We compared in humans simultaneous motor responses of the jejunum, ileum, proximal colon, and gallbladder (GB) to intravenous cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-OP). To gauge the physiological relevance of the doses of CCK-OP, intestinal motility and GB contraction were also quantified after a fatty meal. Eight healthy volunteers participated in both experiments. Six graded, 30-min intravenous infusions had a mean range of 2.2 to 73.2 pmol X kg-1 X h-1 of CCK-OP; these spanned from subphysiological (negligible contraction of GB) to pharmacological (producing intestinal symptoms and a 70–99% contraction of GB) levels. CCK-OP inhibited interdigestive cycles of motility, though in some persons fasting patterns persisted with doses of CCK-OP, which produced up to 50% reduction in GB volume. Motility indices of the ileum and proximal colon responded to CCK-OP by decreasing initially but then increasing with larger doses; motility of the jejunum increased gradually at all doses. Judged by the gallbladder's response to food (reduction in volume down from 74 to 29% of original volume), the physiological range of infused CCK-OP was approximately 5–16 pmol X kg-1 X h-1. Within this range of doses of CCK-OP, motility of the jejunum increased, whereas motility of the proximal colon was reduced. These data are consistent with CCK being a “physiological” mediator of intestinal motility in humans; responses of the intestine to the peptide appear to vary regionally.

scholarly journals Specific Features of the Motor Potentials of the Leg Muscles Induced by Magnetic Stimulation under the Conditions of a Five-Day “Dry” Immersion in Healthy Volunteers

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-288
Author(s):  
I. N. Nosikova ◽  
A. M. Ryabova ◽  
L. E. Dmitrieva ◽  
A. Z. Zakirova ◽  
V. V. Kitov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Dry Immersion ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Motor Neuron Pool ◽  
Areas Of Interest

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the mechanisms of the development of hypogravitational hyperreflexia in the motoneuron pool of gravity-dependent muscles such as the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the leg under the conditions of five-day “dry” immersion in healthy volunteers using the method of transcranial and trans-spinal magnetic stimulation. The essence of the method lies in the stimulation of the areas of interest (motor areas of the cerebral cortex and lumbosacral thickening) with an electromagnetic stimulus. The study involved 10 subjects at the age of 29.9 ± 6.9 years, with no history of movement disorders or neurological diseases. The excitability of the motor neuron pool in both muscles was judged by the values of the thresholds and amplitudes of the motor response caused by transcranial and trans-spinal magnetic stimulations. A general pattern manifested in a significant decrease in thresholds and an increase in the amplitudes of motor responses caused by trans-spinal magnetic stimulation in both muscles gas been discovered. Specifically, the threshold of spinal evoked motor responses in both muscles decreased by 20%, and the amplitude increased by 150% after the end of immersion. The data obtained during the experiment confirm the spinal nature of the origin of hypogravitational hyperreflexia.

The Effects of a Neutral Stimulus (Buzzer) on Motor Responses and Disfluencies in Normal Speakers

1969 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Martin ◽  
Gerald M. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Neutral Stimulus ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
And Control ◽  
Speaking Task

Seventy-two college students were divided into three groups: Button Push-Speech (BP-S), Speech-Button Push (S-BP), and Control. BP-S subjects pushed one of two buttons on signal for 8 min. During the last 4 min, depression of the criterion button caused a buzzer to sound. After the button-push task, subjects spoke spontaneously for 30 min. During the last 20 min, the buzzer was presented contingent upon each disfluency. S-BP subjects were run under the same procedures, but the order of button-push and speech tasks was reversed. Control subjects followed the same procedures as S-BP subjects, but no buzzer signal was presented at any time. Both S-BP and BP-S subjects emitted significantly fewer disfluencies during the last 20 min (Conditioning) than during the first 10 min (Baserate) of the speaking task. The frequency of disfluencies for Control subjects did not change significantly from Baserate to Conditioning. In none of the three groups did the frequency of pushes on the criterion button change significantly from minute to minute throughout the 8-min button-push session.

Stereoselective pharmacokinetics of S-salbutamol after administration of the racemate in healthy volunteers

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Schmekel ◽  
I Rydberg ◽  
B Norlander ◽  
K.n Sjöswärd ◽  
J Ahlner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Stereoselective Pharmacokinetics

Orientation of Objects in Memory Influences Motor Responses

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Burns ◽  
Sebastien Lagace ◽  
Katherine Guerard
Keyword(s):  
Motor Responses
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