scholarly journals A novel approach for determining integrated water discharge from the ground surface to trunk sewer networks for fast prediction of urban floods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianhui Wu ◽  
Yoshimitsu Tajima ◽  
Hiroshi Sanuki ◽  
Yoshihiro Shibuo ◽  
Hiroaki Furumai
Keyword(s):  
Water Discharge ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Urban Floods ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Fast Prediction ◽  
Sewer Networks

Delineation of Sedimentary Facies and Groundwater-Sea Water Disposition in an Intertidal Zone of the Bay of Bengal using GPR and VES

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-249
Author(s):  
Mrinal Kanti Layek ◽  
Palash Debnath ◽  
Probal Sengupta ◽  
Abhijit Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Intertidal Flat ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Water Saturated

A combination of geophysical study including ground penetrating radar (GPR) and vertical electrical sounding (VES) was done to identify different shallow-subsurface depositional features in an intertidal coast of the eastern parts of India, adjoining the Bay of Bengal (BoB) (Chandipur, Odisha state). The study was aimed to understand the variation of sedimentary depositional sequences, prograding to the ocean from land, as well as towards the confluence of a river channel with the BoB. Six VES points and 85 GPR traverses were taken in the intertidal flat. The data were calibrated with sedimentary sequences retrieved from simultaneously drilled boreholes in four locations. Resistivity data clearly demonstrate the subsurface sediment layer boundaries with water saturation variability, up to 156 m below ground surface (bgs). The data suggest thickening of brackish water saturated clay layers towards the southwestern part. GPR data were capable of resolving the geometry of intertidal dunes, buried palaeo-channels, erosional surface, water table, eolian deposit of sand, and washover delta depositional features which are all present in this study area. Several erosional surfaces, related to sedimentary processes, e.g., delta overwash processes, were clearly demarcated. The study also successfully identified and visualized the saline-fresh groundwater interfaces and submarine ground water discharge (SGD) zones. Consequently, based on these data, a conceptual model of the depositional and erosional history of the sedimentation of the area, as well as the coastal hydrogeological disposition, was conceived.

Artificial thermal strain method: A novel approach for the analysis and fast prediction of the thermal distortion

2021 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 116937
Author(s):  
Chao Wang ◽  
Duc Truong Pham ◽  
Chunbiao Wu ◽  
Jae-woong Kim ◽  
Shizhong Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Strain ◽  
Thermal Distortion ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Fast Prediction ◽  
Strain Method

One-dimensional modelling of the interactions between heavy rainfall-runoff in an urban area and flooding flows from sewer networks and rivers

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Lipeme Kouyi ◽  
D. Fraisse ◽  
N. Rivière ◽  
V. Guinot ◽  
B. Chocat
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Urban Floods ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Overland Flows ◽  
Variable Water ◽  
Sewer Networks

Many investigations have been carried out in order to develop models which allow the linking of complex physical processes involved in urban flooding. The modelling of the interactions between overland flows on streets and flooding flows from rivers and sewer networks is one of the main objectives of recent and current research programs in hydraulics and urban hydrology. This paper outlines the original one-dimensional linking of heavy rainfall-runoff in urban areas and flooding flows from rivers and sewer networks under the RIVES project framework (Estimation of Scenario and Risks of Urban Floods). The first part of the paper highlights the capacity of Canoe software to simulate the street flows. In the second part, we show the original method of connection which enables the modelling of interactions between processes in urban flooding. Comparisons between simulated results and the results of Despotovic et al. or Gomez & Mur show a good agreement for the calibrated one-dimensional connection model. The connection operates likes a manhole with the orifice/weir coefficients used as calibration parameters. The influence of flooding flows from river was taken into account as a variable water depth boundary condition.

scholarly journals Vulnerability to Mega Underground Inundation and Evacuation Assuming Devastating Urban Flood

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-328
Author(s):  
Yutaro Nakasaka ◽  
◽  
Taisuke Ishigaki
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Urban Floods ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Evacuation Plan

In urban areas of Japan, there are numerous underground spaces, such as subways and shopping malls. These areas hold the possibility of being inundated not only above the ground but also underground when intense rainfall causes pluvial flooding. For this reason, it is necessary to take measures to anticipate urban floods. In this study, an analysis of inundation on the ground surface and underground spaces was performed, and the risk of underground inundation was evaluated using the index of safe evacuation. In addition, as one of the countermeasures against underground inundation, the effect of flood boards on inundation prevention was examined. Furthermore, the factors for improving the success rate of evacuation are discussed by simulating the evacuation of users from an underground mall during inundation. From the results, the water inflow to underground spaces was larger as rainfall was greater, and the reduction effect of flood boards on underground inundation was only temporary if the inflow to the underground mall was large. In addition, the success rate of evacuation depended on the timing of evacuation because the flooded water spread broadly and rapidly across the underground mall. These results show that users in an underground mall should move with a quick response to flash flood from high intensity rainfall and would be useful in creating a safe and prompt evacuation plan.

scholarly journals A novel approach to analysing the regimes of temporary streams in relation to their controls on the composition and structure of aquatic biota

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 3165-3182 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gallart ◽  
N. Prat ◽  
E. M. García-Roger ◽  
J. Latron ◽  
M. Rieradevall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Ecological Quality ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Temporary Streams ◽  
Hydrological Conditions ◽  
Temporary Stream ◽  
Novel Approach

Abstract. Temporary streams are those water courses that undergo the recurrent cessation of flow or the complete drying of their channel. The structure and composition of biological communities in temporary stream reaches are strongly dependent on the temporal changes of the aquatic habitats determined by the hydrological conditions. Therefore, the structural and functional characteristics of aquatic fauna to assess the ecological quality of a temporary stream reach cannot be used without taking into account the controls imposed by the hydrological regime. This paper develops methods for analysing temporary streams' aquatic regimes, based on the definition of six aquatic states that summarize the transient sets of mesohabitats occurring on a given reach at a particular moment, depending on the hydrological conditions: Hyperrheic, Eurheic, Oligorheic, Arheic, Hyporheic and Edaphic. When the hydrological conditions lead to a change in the aquatic state, the structure and composition of the aquatic community changes according to the new set of available habitats. We used the water discharge records from gauging stations or simulations with rainfall-runoff models to infer the temporal patterns of occurrence of these states in the Aquatic States Frequency Graph we developed. The visual analysis of this graph is complemented by the development of two metrics which describe the permanence of flow and the seasonal predictability of zero flow periods. Finally, a classification of temporary streams in four aquatic regimes in terms of their influence over the development of aquatic life is updated from the existing classifications, with stream aquatic regimes defined as Permanent, Temporary-pools, Temporary-dry and Episodic. While aquatic regimes describe the long-term overall variability of the hydrological conditions of the river section and have been used for many years by hydrologists and ecologists, aquatic states describe the availability of mesohabitats in given periods that determine the presence of different biotic assemblages. This novel concept links hydrological and ecological conditions in a unique way. All these methods were implemented with data from eight temporary streams around the Mediterranean within the MIRAGE project. Their application was a precondition to assessing the ecological quality of these streams.

scholarly journals Influence of the Three Gorges Project on the Water Resource Components of Poyang Lake Watershed: Observations from TRMM and GRACE

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Cai ◽  
Lian Feng ◽  
Yuxi Wang ◽  
Xiaoling Chen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Three Gorges Project ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
The Three Gorges ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Three Gorges Project

The Three Gorges Project (TGP) has received many criticisms about its potential effects on the changes in the downstream ecosystems. Poyang Lake is the largest body of water downstream of the TGP, and it is not immune to these changes. TRMM and GRACE data were introduced in this study to estimate river-lake water exchange, from which the hydrological responses of Poyang Lake could be identified. A significant decreasing trend of the runoff coefficient has been observed since 2003, resulting in 6.02 km3more water discharge from the lake into the Yangtze River than under normal conditions. No significant interannual changes occurred in the water level or local precipitation, and GRACE observations revealed that groundwater discharge appeared to be the most likely compensation for the water loss. A novel approach, namely, the groundwater abnormality index (GAI), was developed to depict the water exchange using GRACE and surface water observations. Lower than normal GAIs were found between 2003 and 2005, reaching a minimum of −29.26 in October 2003, corresponding to ten times of the mean GAI during 2006–2012, clearly indicating a significant water exchange in Poyang Lake Basin from groundwater to surface water after the TGP impoundment.

A novel approach for fast prediction of hydraulic vulnerability in conifers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Rosner ◽  
Klara Voggeneder ◽  
Sebastian Nöbauer
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Percent Loss ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Hydraulic Vulnerability ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Wood Traits ◽  
Fast Prediction

<p>Global warming calls for fast and easily applicable methods to measure hydraulic vulnerability in conifers since they are one of the most sensitive plant groups regarding drought stress. Classical methods to determine P<sub>50</sub>, i.e. the water potential resulting in 50% conductivity loss, are labor intensive and prone to errors. In this study, the empirical relationship between percent loss of hydraulic conductivity and relative water loss in sapwood of six conifer species was used to establish a novel proxy for P<sub>50</sub>. Our new proxy P<sub>25W</sub>, defined as 25% of relative water loss induced by air injection, is easy and fast to measure and correlates strongly with P<sub>50</sub> (r = 0.95) as well as with functional wood traits such as the tracheid wall/lumen ratio (r = -0.87). The method is regarded as a strong new phenotyping tool for screening trees for drought sensitivity.</p>

Novel Approach for Determination of Worst Loading Direction and Fast Prediction of Stability Margin in Power Systems

SIMULATION ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 729-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrooz Vahidi ◽  
Ehsan Nasr Azadani ◽  
Poria Hassanpor Divshali ◽  
Amir Hessam Hessaminia ◽  
Sayed Hosein Hosseinian
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Stability Margin ◽  
Loading Direction ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Fast Prediction

Copper-dependent ATP7B up-regulation drives the resistance of TMEM16A-overexpressing head-and-neck cancer models to platinum toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (24) ◽  
pp. 3705-3719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avani Vyas ◽  
Umamaheswar Duvvuri ◽  
Kirill Kiselyov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Platinum Resistance ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Platinum Compounds ◽  
Copper Chelation ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Cancer Models

Platinum-containing drugs such as cisplatin and carboplatin are routinely used for the treatment of many solid tumors including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, SCCHN resistance to platinum compounds is well documented. The resistance to platinum has been linked to the activity of divalent transporter ATP7B, which pumps platinum from the cytoplasm into lysosomes, decreasing its concentration in the cytoplasm. Several cancer models show increased expression of ATP7B; however, the reason for such an increase is not known. Here we show a strong positive correlation between mRNA levels of TMEM16A and ATP7B in human SCCHN tumors. TMEM16A overexpression and depletion in SCCHN cell lines caused parallel changes in the ATP7B mRNA levels. The ATP7B increase in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells was reversed by suppression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), by the antioxidant N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) and by copper chelation using cuprizone and bathocuproine sulphonate (BCS). Pretreatment with either chelator significantly increased cisplatin's sensitivity, particularly in the context of TMEM16A overexpression. We propose that increased oxidative stress in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells liberates the chelated copper in the cytoplasm, leading to the transcriptional activation of ATP7B expression. This, in turn, decreases the efficacy of platinum compounds by promoting their vesicular sequestration. We think that such a new explanation of the mechanism of SCCHN tumors’ platinum resistance identifies novel approach to treating these tumors.

Collecting Words: A Clinical Example of a Morphology-Focused Orthographic Intervention

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Murphy ◽  
Emily A. Diehm
Keyword(s):  
Written Language ◽  
Morphological Knowledge ◽  
English Orthography ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
The One ◽  
Critical Intervention ◽  
Reading And Spelling ◽  
Reading And Spelling Difficulties

Purpose Morphological interventions promote gains in morphological knowledge and in other oral and written language skills (e.g., phonological awareness, vocabulary, reading, and spelling), yet we have a limited understanding of critical intervention features. In this clinical focus article, we describe a relatively novel approach to teaching morphology that considers its role as the key organizing principle of English orthography. We also present a clinical example of such an intervention delivered during a summer camp at a university speech and hearing clinic. Method Graduate speech-language pathology students provided a 6-week morphology-focused orthographic intervention to children in first through fourth grade ( n = 10) who demonstrated word-level reading and spelling difficulties. The intervention focused children's attention on morphological families, teaching how morphology is interrelated with phonology and etymology in English orthography. Results Comparing pre- and posttest scores, children demonstrated improvement in reading and/or spelling abilities, with the largest gains observed in spelling affixes within polymorphemic words. Children and their caregivers reacted positively to the intervention. Therefore, data from the camp offer preliminary support for teaching morphology within the context of written words, and the intervention appears to be a feasible approach for simultaneously increasing morphological knowledge, reading, and spelling. Conclusion Children with word-level reading and spelling difficulties may benefit from a morphology-focused orthographic intervention, such as the one described here. Research on the approach is warranted, and clinicians are encouraged to explore its possible effectiveness in their practice. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12290687

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