The challenges of including historical events using Bayesian methods to improve flood flow estimates in the United Kingdom: A practitioner's point of view

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren M. Lumbroso ◽  
David P. Wyncoll ◽  
Ye Liu ◽  
Mark Davison
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Bayesian Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Flood Flow

The Compensation of the Victims of the Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease in the United Kingdom

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-167
Author(s):  
Andrea Boggio
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Political Environments

Establishing no-fault compensatory schemes is problematic from both a political and legal point of view. In this essay, I analyse the process that led to the compensation of the victims of Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease and its variant. The paper shows that, although the diseases present many similarities, the two processes took very different paths because of the different, political environments in which they took place. Moreover, several possible lessons can be drawn from the compensation of CJD victims, which can potentially affect the establishment of future no-fault schemes in the United Kingdom.

The Ties That Bind: Britain’s Use of Scottish Highland Dress

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-254
Author(s):  
David Loranger ◽  
Eulanda A. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Over Time

For over 300 years, Britain has influenced Scotland’s national identity. Scottish Highland dress, which consists of kilts and tartans has been appropriated, manipulated, and transformed by the British in order to forward political, commercial, and social objectives. Scotland’s national dress has contributed to a more cohesive identity within the United Kingdom. However, available research only examines specific instances of British influence on—and usage of—kilts and tartans. The purpose of this study was to identify and explore a sample of key figures and historical events that illustrate the use of Scottish Highland dress to forward British interests. The researchers triangulated databases and secondary literature along with extant objects and materials, with the aim of developing a more holistic understanding of appropriation, manipulation, and transformation. Findings indicate how the context and usage of Scottish Highland dress was transformed over time.

Income Tax as Affecting Life Assurance Offices

1946 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-78
Author(s):  
A. H. Shrewsbury
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sickness Insurance ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insurance Business ◽  
National Defence

‘If there be one point free from obscurity in the Act of 1842 it is this, that the Legislature intended all traders, whether in groceries, annuities or other articles of commerce, to be assessed upon the same footing.’ Lord Watson in The Gresham Life Assurance Society υ. Styles.The main object is to discuss principles and therefore many points of detail will be omitted, however intrinsically interesting they may be. Satisfactory consideration of principles entails reference to all classes of business which involve an actuarial valuation (viz. life assurance and annuity business, sinking fund business and permanent sickness insurance business). Reference will be made to the National Defence Contribution and the Excess Profits Tax, which are based upon income-tax legislation. The subject in mind is the relation of such taxation to insurance business and funds of the classes mentioned, as distinct from other aspects of income tax which an insurance office encounters, and it will be considered solely from the point of view of an office established in the United Kingdom which transacts business only in the United Kingdom. In view of the paper by Messrs S. J. Rowland and F. H. Wales on ‘The Taxation of the Annuity Fund’ (March 1937, J.I.A. Vol. LXVIII), only brief reference will be made to annuity business, and it will be assumed that it is unnecessary, in describing taxation processes, to include explanations or qualifying phrases on account of annuity business.

SOCIAL RIGHTS OF THE POLES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AFTER BREXIT

2020 ◽  
Vol 556 (7) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Paweł Kaleta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Social

Withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union (Brexit) has definitely been bringing various consequences in the field of social security. It is therefore worthwhile to analyse it from the point of view of the social rights of Poles residing in the United Kingdom (as well as, in a comparative and auxiliary manner, of the British residing in Poland), following the formal conclusion of the withdrawal. The article therefore synthetically presents this current, post-Brexit situation, taking into account the ongoing transition period as well as the perspective of negotiations on the possible agreement(s) on future EU-UK relations. Notably, the rights in question have been preserved in the transition period, but their status afterwards remains open.

Some Aspects of Electronic Data Processing

1959 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 273-294
Author(s):  
P. D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Electronic Data Processing ◽  
Electronic Data ◽  
Processing Equipment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
General Answer

The objects of this paper are to consider how a life office in the United Kingdom might approach the question of using electronic data processing equipment and to indicate some of the problems which will be encountered—without, I am afraid, supplying all the answers. There are in fact very few questions on this subject to which a general answer can be given. Although a good deal can be gained from exchanging information and ideas, it will ultimately be up to each individual office to solve its own particular problems.Many of the difficulties one meets in discussing this subject arise from the widely differing circumstances in the various offices. Each person naturally tends to approach the problem from the point of view of his own office, and consequently suggests different answers partly because he is considering different questions. I have therefore felt it desirable to limit the scope of the paper, and since there are important differences between the offices which transact industrial assurance and those which do not, I propose to confine my attention to the problems of an industrial/ordinary office. A further limitation is that group business is not discussed.

Loudness intensity and tinnitus frequency

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (S9) ◽  
pp. 67-68
Author(s):  
E. Douek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
National Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Lump Sum

What I have to say follows on very naturally from what Dr. Johnson has just said. I ought to explain that in the United Kingdom we work in somewhat different situations from yours in the United States, from the administrative point of view, but most particularly from the financial funding point of view. Under the National Health Service we are not paid per item of service; we get a lump sum on which we have to run our departments. If we see two patients or if we see a million patients it makes no difference. In many ways, if we see few patients we can give them a better service than if we see many. I realise that this is a concept which is perhaps new to those of you in the United States, that your income in fact comes from numbers of patients.

XXIII. On the error in standards of linear measure, arising from the thickness of the bar on which they are traced

1830 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 359-381
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Linear Dimension ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Linear Measure ◽  
Weights And Measures ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Source Of Error

In the course of the adjustment and verification of the copies of the Imperial standard yard, destined for the Exchequer, Guildhall, Dublin, and Edinburgh, I discovered a source of error till then, I believe, wholly unsuspected, arising from the thickness of the bar upon the surface of which measures of linear dimension are traced. The difficulties which I experienced, and the remedy which suggested itself upon that occasion, and which was found efficient, are shortly detailed in the account of the construction and adjustment of the new standards of weights and measures of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, published in the Philosophical Transactions for 1826. But as the notice there given occupies little more than a single page, and might therefore pass unremarked, I cannot but think that a fact of such importance in inquiries where linear measures are concerned, and which may be sufficient to account for the discrepancies to be found in the experiments of different observers, ought to be placed before the Royal Society in a more pro­minent point of view than that which it at present occupies. I shall, therefore, first extract from the paper alluded to the part to which I refer, and then add an account of such experiments as I have since made on the subject; and describe a scale which I have caused to be constructed so as almost entirely to obviate the source of error of which I am treating.

Deconstructing Generations: Concluding Remarks

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 1578-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella della Porta
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Self ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
And Gender

This concluding article of the special issues summarizes the empirical results presented in the previous contributions within a comparative perspective, with particular attention to locate them within previous research on youth mobilizations. From the theoretical point of view, the articles, based on the research conducted in the context of the CRY_OUT project, have tried to bridge some concepts in youth studies and social movement studies. Using the concept of generations in a critical way, we have in fact aimed at deconstructing it by looking at the meaning given to generations by movement activists, to their self-perception in terms of generational identification, as well as their taste in terms of contentious frames and practices. Empirically, we have addressed, in particular, the mobilization of Millennials in anti-austerity protests on issues such as labor and also women’s and gender rights, antiracism, environmental protests, and alternative cultural and/or recreational initiatives. Focusing on Europe, we have chosen some paradigmatic cases of protests in the United Kingdom, Southern European Italy and Spain, and Eastern European Poland. In light of the theoretical questions presented in the introduction, this article addresses, in turn, the conceptions of generations in movements, the self-assessment by Millennials, as well as some characteristics of their mobilizations in terms of organizational structures, repertories of action, and collective framing.

Consultative Council of Western Powers

1950 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-512
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Total Expenditure ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Accurate Indication ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Effort

Eighth SessionThe eighth session of the Consultative Council of Western Powers was held in Brussels on April 16 and 17, 1950. The main business of the meeting was to discuss how the costs of the joint defense projects could be shared. Up to this time each government had paid the costs of its own contingents at the disposal of the organization and all expenditure incurred within its own territory. From the French point of view this had tended to make the common effort relatively more expensive for France than for the other countries while from the United Kingdom point of view, simply fixing the percentages that each country should, bear of the total expenditure would not necessarily be fair, as an airfield built under the treaty plans could in peace time be an advantage to the country in which it was located. This point of view was, in turn, not particularly favored by the Belgians who felt that Belgium had contributed to the common defense proportionally as much as the other powers. The relative amount in each country's budget devoted to the common pool was not an accurate indication as each budget had been drawn up in an entirely different manner, making comparisons difficult. The only thing which counted was the final result: the number of men trained and equipped as well as the material which each country could put on the line; in this regard the Belgians felt they were certainly not lagging behind. It was finally agreed at the meeting that projects of common interest should be paid for in common. The procedure for such payment was to be the subject of proposals submitted to the governments.

Creation Ex Nihilo: Something from Nothing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlatko Vedral
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ex Nihilo ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Being Religious ◽  
Origin Of The Universe

Every civilization in the history of humanity has had its myth of creation. Humans have a deeply rooted and seemingly insatiable desire to understand not only their own origins but also the origins of other things around them. Most if not all of the myths since the dawn of man involve some kind of higher or supernatural beings which are intimately related to the existence and functioning of all things in the Universe. Modern man still holds a multitude of different views of the ultimate origin of the Universe, though a couple of the most well represented religions, Christianity and Islam, maintain that there was a single creator responsible for all that we see around us. It is a predominant belief in Catholicism, accounting for about one-sixth of humanity, that the Creator achieved full creation of the Universe out of nothing – a belief that goes under the name of creation ex nihilo. (To be fair, not all Catholics believe this, but they ought to if they follow the Pope.) Postulating a supernatural being does not really help explain reality since then we only displace the question of the origins of reality to explaining the existence of the supernatural being. To this no religion offers any real answers. If you think that scientists might have a vastly more insightful understanding of the origin of the Universe compared to that of major religions, then you’d better think again. Admittedly, most scientists are probably atheists (interestingly, more than 95% in the United Kingdom) but this does not necessarily mean that they do not hold some kind of a belief about what the Creation was like and where all this stuff around us comes from. The point is that, under all the postulates and axioms, if you dig far enough, you’ll find that they are as stumped as anyone else. So, from the point of view of explaining why there is a reality and where it ultimately comes from, being religious or not makes absolutely no difference – we all end up with the same tricky question. Every time I read a book on the religious or philosophical outlook of the world I cannot help but recognize many ideas in there as related to some ideas that we have in science.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document