Nutmeg Nutraceutical Constituents: In vitro and In vivo Pharmacological Potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanu Malik ◽  
Ruchi Sharma ◽  
Paramjit Singh Panesar ◽  
Rakesh Gehlot ◽  
Ozlem Tokusoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Potential

scholarly journals Anticancer Ruthenium(III) Complexes and Ru(III)-Containing Nanoformulations: An Update on the Mechanism of Action and Biological Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Riccardi ◽  
Domenica Musumeci ◽  
Marco Trifuoggi ◽  
Carlo Irace ◽  
Luigi Paduano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

The great advances in the studies on metal complexes for the treatment of different cancer forms, starting from the pioneering works on platinum derivatives, have fostered an increasingly growing interest in their properties and biomedical applications. Among the various metal-containing drugs investigated thus far, ruthenium(III) complexes have emerged for their selective cytotoxic activity in vitro and promising anticancer properties in vivo, also leading to a few candidates in advanced clinical trials. Aiming at addressing the solubility, stability and cellular uptake issues of low molecular weight Ru(III)-based compounds, some research groups have proposed the development of suitable drug delivery systems (e.g., taking advantage of nanoparticles, liposomes, etc.) able to enhance their activity compared to the naked drugs. This review highlights the unique role of Ru(III) complexes in the current panorama of anticancer agents, with particular emphasis on Ru-containing nanoformulations based on the incorporation of the Ru(III) complexes into suitable nanocarriers in order to enhance their bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties. Preclinical evaluation of these nanoaggregates is discussed with a special focus on the investigation of their mechanism of action at a molecular level, highlighting their pharmacological potential in tumour disease models and value for biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Five-Decade Update on Chemopreventive and Other Pharmacological Potential of Kurarinone: a Natural Flavanone

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashank Kumar ◽  
Kumari Sunita Prajapati ◽  
Mohd Shuaib ◽  
Prem Prakash Kushwaha ◽  
Hardeep Singh Tuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Xenograft Models ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

In the present article we present an update on the role of chemoprevention and other pharmacological activities reported on kurarinone, a natural flavanone (from 1970 to 2021). To the best of our knowledge this is the first and exhaustive review of kurarinone. The literature was obtained from different search engine platforms including PubMed. Kurarinone possesses anticancer potential against cervical, lung (non-small and small), hepatic, esophageal, breast, gastric, cervical, and prostate cancer cells. In vivo anticancer potential of kurarinone has been extensively studied in lungs (non-small and small) using experimental xenograft models. In in vitro anticancer studies, kurarinone showed IC50 in the range of 2–62 µM while in vivo efficacy was studied in the range of 20–500 mg/kg body weight of the experimental organism. The phytochemical showed higher selectivity toward cancer cells in comparison to respective normal cells. kurarinone inhibits cell cycle progression in G2/M and Sub-G1 phase in a cancer-specific context. It induces apoptosis in cancer cells by modulating molecular players involved in apoptosis/anti-apoptotic processes such as NF-κB, caspase 3/8/9/12, Bcl2, Bcl-XL, etc. The phytochemical inhibits metastasis in cancer cells by modulating the protein expression of Vimentin, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, MMP2, MMP3, and MMP9. It produces a cytostatic effect by modulating p21, p27, Cyclin D1, and Cyclin A proteins in cancer cells. Kurarinone possesses stress-mediated anticancer activity and modulates STAT3 and Akt pathways. Besides, the literature showed that kurarinone possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-drug resistance, anti-microbial (fungal, yeast, bacteria, and Coronavirus), channel and transporter modulation, neuroprotection, and estrogenic activities as well as tyrosinase/diacylglycerol acyltransferase/glucosidase/aldose reductase/human carboxylesterases 2 inhibitory potential. Kurarinone also showed therapeutic potential in the clinical study. Further, we also discussed the isolation, bioavailability, metabolism, and toxicity of Kurarinone in experimental models.

scholarly journals Pharmacological potential of naturally occurring nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
Dhwani T. Dave ◽  
◽  
Gaurang B. Shah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Extract ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Crude Polysaccharide ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Promising Source

Since ancient times, plants have been serving as a promising source of medicines and in recent times, extensive research has been made to isolate, characterize and screen a number of phytoconstituents/secondary plant metabolites for their pharmacological activities and safety in various disease models – both in vitro and in vivo. One such category of phytoconstituents is “polysaccharides”. These are found in different parts of the plant such as roots, leaves, stem and leaves and are extracted maximally in polar solvent – for eg. water extract of the afore mentioned plant parts contain the crude polysaccharide fraction. These are non-starch type in nature and can be a mixture of more than one type of polysaccharide too. In this review, an attempt has been made to discuss such therapeutically active plant polysaccharides in terms of their wide pharmacologically active profile along with methods to isolate and characterize them in brief.

scholarly journals Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol and Derivatives and Their Potential Effects on Human Health

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Karković Marković ◽  
Jelena Torić ◽  
Monika Barbarić ◽  
Cvijeta Jakobušić Brala
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Endocrine Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
A Minor

The Mediterranean diet and olive oil as its quintessential part are almost synonymous with a healthy way of eating and living nowadays. This kind of diet has been highly appreciated and is widely recognized for being associated with many favorable effects, such as reduced incidence of different chronic diseases and prolonged longevity. Although olive oil polyphenols present a minor fraction in the composition of olive oil, they seem to be of great importance when it comes to the health benefits, and interest in their biological and potential therapeutic effects is huge. There is a growing body of in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as intervention-based clinical trials, revealing new aspects of already known and many new, previously unknown activities and health effects of these compounds. This review summarizes recent findings regarding biological activities, metabolism and bioavailability of the major olive oil phenolic compounds—hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, oleocanthal and oleacein—the most important being their antiatherogenic, cardioprotective, anticancer, neuroprotective and endocrine effects. The evidence presented in the review concludes that these phenolic compounds have great pharmacological potential, however, further studies are still required.

A Survey of the Anti-microbial Properties of Naturally Occurring Prenyloxyphenylpropanoids and Related Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 2097-2101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Fiorito ◽  
Francesco Epifano ◽  
Vito Alessandro Taddeo ◽  
Salvatore Genovese ◽  
Francesca Preziuso
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Oral Pathogens ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Related Compounds

O-Prenylphenylpropanoids represent a group of rare natural products. During the last twenty years, such phytochemicals have been revealed to possess a great pharmacological potential. These compounds have been obtained for the most part from plant species of the Rutaceae, Apiaceae, and Fabaceae families, as well as from fungi and bacteria. In this review we wish to detail the state of the art about O-prenylphenylpropanoids having in vitro and in vivo anti-microbial properties from different points of view. The herein cited natural products are effective in inhibiting the virulence of human oral pathogens.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an EpitypifiedOphiocordyceps formosana(Cordyceps s.l.) for Its Pharmacological Potential

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Wen Wang ◽  
Tzu-Wen Hong ◽  
Yu-Ling Tai ◽  
Ying-Jing Wang ◽  
Sheng-Hong Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Clinical Complications ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

The substantial merit ofCordyceps s.l.spp. in terms of medicinal benefits is largely appreciated. Nevertheless, only few studies have characterized and examined the clinical complications of the use of health tonics containing these species. Here, we epitypifiedC. formosanaisolates that were collected and characterized asOphiocordyceps formosanabased on morphological characteristics, molecular phylogenetic analyses, and metabolite profiling. Thus, we renamed and transferredC. formosanato the new protologueOphiocordyceps formosana(Kobayasi & Shimizu) Wang, Tsai, Tzean & Shencomb. nov.Additionally, the pharmacological potential ofO. formosanawas evaluated based on the hot-water extract from its mycelium. The relative amounts of the known bioactive ingredients that are unique toCordyceps s.l.species inO. formosanawere found to be similar to the amounts inO. sinensisandC. militaris, indicating the potential applicability ofO. formosanafor pharmacological uses. Additionally, we found thatO. formosanaexhibited antioxidation activitiesin vitroandin vivothat were similar to those ofO. sinensisandC. militaris. Furthermore,O. formosanaalso displayed conspicuously effective antitumor activity compared with the testedCordyceps s.l.species. Intrinsically,O. formosanaexhibited less toxicity than the otherCordycepsspecies. Together, our data suggest that the metabolites ofO. formosanamay play active roles in complementary medicine.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo evaluation of pharmacological potential of Begonia barbata Wall

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rashedul Haque ◽  
Mirazul Islam ◽  
Md. Ruhul Kuddus
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Plant Samples ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Thiopental Sodium ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Abstract Background Begonia barbata Wall is an important medicinal plant in Bangladesh used to treat several human diseases. The intention of the existing work was to determine in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of petroleum-ether, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of methanol extract of B. barbata whole plant (MEBB). The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu test while antioxidant activity assay was performed by DPPH radical quenching process. Tail immersion and acetic acid-induced writhing methods were utilized to evaluate analgesic effect in albino mice. To evaluate the hypoglycemic potential, glucose tolerance test is used. Castor oil-induced diarrhea method is utilized to figure out the anti-diarrheal action in mice. Thiopental-sodium-induced sleeping time test was exploited for the appraisal of CNS antidepressant action. Results Antioxidant activities of the test materials followed the order: dichloromethane fraction (DCMF) > ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) > petroleum-ether fraction (PEF). The EAF yielded maximum amount of phenolic compounds (12.47 mg of GAE/g of sample). The DMF was most effective in terms of thrombolytic activity while the EAF protected the membrane integrity of erythrocyte by 63.47% inhibition of hemolysis induced by heat. Among all fractions, the PEF (400 mg/kg body weight) demonstrated highest analgesic activity in both tail immersion test (maximum elongations as 262.053%) and acetic acid-induced writhing method (66.02% writhing inhibition). During anti-diarrheal test, the plant samples significantly diminished the frequency of diarrheal episodes in mice. Similarly, the plant samples decreased the sleeping duration induced by thiopental sodium. Conclusion The above outcome exposed that B. barbata possesses significant pharmacological potential, which validates its use in Bangladesh folk medicinal practices.

scholarly journals IN VIVO AND IN VITRO INVESTIGATIONS OF PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIALS OF CASSIA OBTUSIFOLIA PLANT

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
KEWATKAR SM ◽  
PAITHANKAR VV ◽  
BHUJBAL SS ◽  
JAIN SP ◽  
NAGORE DH
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Study ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tail Immersion ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
One Way Anova

Objectives: Cassia obtusifolia L. belonging to the Family Caesalpiniaceae, proposed to have abundant pharmacological potential and widely consumed as laxative, diuretic, and stomachic. The aim of the present research was to study the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, and antioxidant potentials of C. obtusifolia plant. Methods: Various acute and chronic animal models such as Carrageenan-induced paw edema, tail immersion method, acetic acid-induced writhing, and in vitro methods were used to study the profound pharmacological and antioxidant potentials. Results: The results for pharmacological study were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons using INTA software. Conclusion: The present study reveals that C. obtusifolia possesses comparable anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, and antioxidant potential.

scholarly journals GM1 Oligosaccharide Crosses the Human Blood–Brain Barrier In Vitro by a Paracellular Route

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Di Biase ◽  
Giulia Lunghi ◽  
Margherita Maggioni ◽  
Maria Fazzari ◽  
Diego Yuri Pomè ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Neuro2a Cell ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Dependent Transport ◽  
Inverse Transport

Ganglioside GM1 (GM1) has been reported to functionally recover degenerated nervous system in vitro and in vivo, but the possibility to translate GM1′s potential in clinical settings is counteracted by its low ability to overcome the blood–brain barrier (BBB) due to its amphiphilic nature. Interestingly, the soluble and hydrophilic GM1-oligosaccharide (OligoGM1) is able to punctually replace GM1 neurotrophic functions alone, both in vitro and in vivo. In order to take advantage of OligoGM1 properties, which overcome GM1′s pharmacological limitations, here we characterize the OligoGM1 brain transport by using a human in vitro BBB model. OligoGM1 showed a 20-fold higher crossing rate than GM1 and time–concentration-dependent transport. Additionally, OligoGM1 crossed the barrier at 4 °C and in inverse transport experiments, allowing consideration of the passive paracellular route. This was confirmed by the exclusion of a direct interaction with the active ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters using the “pump out” system. Finally, after barrier crossing, OligoGM1 remained intact and able to induce Neuro2a cell neuritogenesis by activating the TrkA pathway. Importantly, these in vitro data demonstrated that OligoGM1, lacking the hydrophobic ceramide, can advantageously cross the BBB in comparison with GM1, while maintaining its neuroproperties. This study has improved the knowledge about OligoGM1′s pharmacological potential, offering a tangible therapeutic strategy.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Diuretic, and Antityrosinase Activity of Traditionally Used Romanian Cerasorum stipites

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Babotă ◽  
Oliviu Voştinaru ◽  
Ramona Păltinean ◽  
Cosmin Mihali ◽  
Maria Inês Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Urinary Tract Disorders ◽  
Diuretic Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Bioactive Potential ◽  
Few Data

Cherry stems (CS) represent a by-product intensively used in Eastern European countries as a traditional remedy for urinary tract disorders. Ethnopharmacological evidences sustain the use of CS as aqueous preparations (infusion and decoction), but few data were previously reported about phytochemical profile and pharmacological potential of CS hydroalcoholic extracts. In this regard, we aimed to evaluate the phenolic profile, in vitro antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory potential, and in vivo diuretic activity of 70% hydroethanolic cherry stems extract and cherry stems decoction (CSD). LC-DAD-ESI/MSn analysis revealed the presence of flavonoid-type compounds as main constituents for both preparations, especially flavanones (naringenin glycosides). Antioxidant activity evaluated through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods was superior for cherry stems extract, probably due to the presence of phenolic-derived compounds in higher amounts than CSD. On the other hand, tyrosinase inhibitory potential and diuretic effect exerted by CSD were stronger, highlighting that other types of hydrophilic secondary metabolites are responsible for this bioactivity. Overall, our findings indicate that CS preparations could be used as promising mild diuretic agents and encourage further investigations regarding the correlation between their chemical composition and bioactive potential.

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